This paper highlights the various factors that contribute to scattering coefficient variations within human brain tissues and theoretical penetration depth. These are critical parameters for biomedical applications and neuroscience research. Brain tissue’s complex nature, experimental technique variability, tissue composition and structure, tissue type, sample preparation, and temperature all potentially impact optical measurement accuracy and reliability in brain tissue research. Understanding and minimizing these sources of error is crucial for improving data quality and interpretation in biomedical applications. This study identifies the main sources of variation and vast range of optical values, such as the scattering coefficient, for the human brain. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the optical properties of normal human brain tissues within the wavelength range of 600 nm to 900 nm, combining our original findings with existing literature reviews. Consequently, this work aims to enhance the reliability and consistency of measurements as well as determine the theoretical penetration depth for future imaging of the human brain.
Ultimately, this can help advance current knowledge regarding human brain tissues and aid in the diagnosis and treatment of brain-related disorders. Scattering properties differ between the gray and white matter regions of the human brain, and this has implications for imaging and diagnostic techniques in neuroscience. The attenuation coefficient, which is calculated using absorption spectra from normal gray matter of the human cerebral cortex (10.9–14.7 mm-1), provides valuable insight into gray matter optical properties. The calculated penetration depth within the 600–900 nm wavelength range is between 1.8 and 8.7 mm, representing the theoretical limit for imaging deep into human brain tissues.
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