Mini ReviewOpen Access

Glioblastoma: Equilibrium and Interconversion Between Tumor Non-Stem Cells and Tumor Stem Cells

Volume 8 - Issue 4

**Davide Schiffer¹, Marta Mellai², Cristiano Corona³, Cristina Casalone³* and Laura Annovazzi⁴**

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- ¹Professor Emeritus of Neurology, University of Turin, Italy
- ²Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Italy
- ³Istituto Zooprofilattico del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Italy
- ⁴Former Research Center/Policlinico di Monza Foundation, Italy
*Corresponding author: Cristina Casalone VD, Head of the Neuropathology Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy

Received: August 21, 2018; Published: September 04, 2018

DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.08.001680

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Abstract

The problem of the location of glioblastoma (GB) stem cells (GSCs) and of their relationship with the microenvironment is discussed. Also in our experience, they are located in perivascular and perinecrotic niches. In the latter, as an alternative hypothesis to their origin by hypoxia through Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1, they could represent the remnants of stem cells/progenitors that populate the highly proliferative areas of GB where necrosis develops in avascular zones due to the imbalance between the high proliferation rate of tumor cells and the low one of endothelial cells. On the whole, tumor stem cells and tumor non-stem cells are in equilibrium between differentiation and stemness, regulated by the microenvironment with the possibility of an interconversion of the cell statuses.

Keywords: Golgi Apparatus; Nerve Cells; Brain Edema; Familial Amyotrophic; Hydrocephalus; Alzheimer’s Disease; Pathogenesis; Marked Dilation; Trans-Golgi Network; Leptomeningeal Limphoma

Abbreviations: CSCs: Cancer Stem Cells; NSCs: Neural Stem Cells; GB: Glioblastoma; GSCs: Glioblastoma Stem Cells; OPCs: Oligodendroglial Precursor Cells; NG2: Neuron Antigen Glia 2; GB: glioblastoma; GSCs: stem cells