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Mitochondrial Hormone Receptors - an Emerging Field of Signaling in the Cell’s Powerhouse

Volume 1 - Issue 6

Rüdiger Hardeland*

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- University of Goettingen, Germany
*Corresponding author: Rüdiger Hardeland, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Buergerstr. 50, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany

Received: September 06, 2017; Published: November 09, 2017

DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2017.01.000511

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Abstract

Hormone receptors that are classically located in either cytosol or nucleus or in the plasma membrane are also found in mitochondria. Notably, they belong to different categories, such as proteins mainly known as hormone-dependent transcription factors, receptor tyrosine kinases, multimeric ligand-gated ion channels, and G protein-coupled receptors. Some of them represent mitochondrial variants, whereas others seem to be almost or fully identical with the extra mitochondrial forms. In some cases, mitochondrial receptors are associated with the outer membrane, whereas others are integrated in the inner membrane and act by signaling towards the matrix. In functional terms, some steroid receptors display genomic actions at the mitochondrial chromosome, whereas membrane-bound receptors transmit metabolic effects in the matrix or at the electron transport chain and modulate mitochondrial structure and length or apoptosis.

Keywords: Cannabinoid receptor; EGFR; Melatonin receptor; Mitochondria; Multimeric receptors; Steroid receptors

Abbreviations: GPCRs : G Protein Coupled Receptors; GUCY2s : Guanylyl Cyclases; RTKs: Receptor Tyrosine kinases; GR: Glucocorticoid Receptor; GRE: GR Response Element; MnSOD: Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase; ETC: Electron Transport Chain; PR: Progesterone Receptor; EGFR: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor; PKA : Protein kinase A

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