Research ArticleOpen Access

The Association between Diabetes, Smoking and Periodontal Disease in Group of Romanian Aged Patients

Volume 4 - Issue 2

Cristina Gabriela Puscasu*

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- Ovidius University, Faculty of Dental Medicine Constanţa, Romania
*Corresponding author: Cristina Gabriela Puscasu, Lecturer in Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ovidius University Constanta, Romania

Received: April 22, 2018; Published: May 01, 2018

DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.04.001020

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Abstract

Background : Although factors such as diabetes, smoking, age, gender are known to act in the development and severity of periodontal disease, we aimed to investigate the association between diabetes, smoking and periodontal status in a group of eldery.

Methods : A group consisting of 205 dentate adults aged 55 years and older were selected according to their good oral hygiene, lack of other systemic conditions. Periodontal involvement was assessed according to maximum periodonta probing depth (PPD) and divided in groups with less than 4 mm PPD, and with PPD of 4 mm or more. The diabetic condition was self-reported.

Results : A total of 44 subjects (21.5%) were active smokers (11 women and 33 men). A number of 143 (69.7%) subjects had pockets ≥4mm. Dependent relationship was found between pocket depth and the smoking status (χ2 = 3.864, df = 1, p =0.043 <α = 0.05). Calculated odds ratio (OR) showed that smokers had approximately 2.27 times higher risk of having pockets ≥4mm than non- smokers (95% CI for OR = 1.05, 5.22). No statistically significant correlations of dependence were found between diabetes and presence of pockets ≥4mm (χ2calc = 0.888, df = 1, p = 0.346 >α = 0.05).

Conclusions : Despite low proportions of smokers, tobacco use was an independent risk factor for periodontal disease in terms of deep pockets formation in this group of aged Romanian subjects.