Trained Innate Immunity: New Immunological Memory Mechanisms

Quan-Zhen Lv¹, Yuan-Ying Jiang¹, Hua Zhong¹, Yu-Lin Qin², Zhong-Lan Yuan¹ and Yan Wang*¹

Received: May 20, 2018;   Published: May 29, 2018

DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.04.001120

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Abstract

Trained innate immunity attracts more and more attention in recent years. Innate immune memory is observed in natural killer cells, monocytes and macrophages after being trained by certain antigens and non-specific strong immune responses may occur after the secondary stimulation. Mechanism studies reveal that induction of trained innate immunity depends on epigenetic reprogramming. In this article, the phenomenon, mechanisms and possible applications of the trained innate immunity are reviewed.

Keywords: Trained innate immunity, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, β-Glucan, Epigenetic reprogramming

Abbreviations:NK cells: Natural Killer cells, BCG: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, HSV: Herpes Simplex Virus, LPS: Lipopolysaccharide, MDP: Muramyl Dipeptide, NOD2: Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 2, Raf-1: Raf-1 Proto-Oncogene Serine/Threonine Kinase, RIP2: Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase, cAMP: Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate, PKA: Protein Kinase A, mTOR: Mammalian Target of Rapamycin complex

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