Novel Distribution of HCV genotypes and their Main Routs of Infection in the Punjab Pakistan

Sajjad Ullah^{1, 2}*, Fayyaz Ahmad², Ahmad Bilal Waqar², Arshad Jamal² and Muhammad Idrees^1,3

Received: August 23, 2017;   Published: September 08, 2017

DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2017.01.000340

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Abstract

Background: Hepatitis C is rapidly emerging as a major health problem in developing countries including Pakistan that leads to death and morbidities. HCV has a high genetic variation and is classified into six major genotypes and 67 subtypes. (Direct-Acting-Antiviral) anti-HCV drugs therapy response, resistance and recovery rates depend on HCV genotype.

Methods: To study the epidemiological study of HCV genotypes in 2015-16 and their main routs of infection in the Punjab Pakistan. Observational study of the patients from 27 centers, 4823 samples was collected from HCV positive patients. History was noted on pre-design tested questioner which was approved by institutional Ethical committee. RNA was extracted using Favorgen Viral Nucleic Acid Extraction Kit. Amplification was performed using Amplisense Genotyping kit. We studied source of infection and therapeutic responses of varies genotypes on the basis of geographical distribution; we found a new incitement and provoke.

Results: A total of 4823 serum samples were tested by type-specific genotyping assay. RNA was extracted using FoverGen Mini Kit. For HCV genotyping AmpliSens® HCV-genotype-FRT PCR kit variant FRT-g1-6. Detail history of each patient was taken on a predesigned questioner which was approved by Institutional Ethical Committee. Total 7800 individuals were analyzed by anti HCV ELISA out of which 5451 patient were found reactive. The positive samples were further conformed by PCR for HCV and their genotypes, out of which 4823 (88.47%) were found detected for HCV RNA. In the division of genotypes in Punjab varies from a maximum of 57.6% the genotype 3a, followed by 3b 14.76% on the other hand least common genotype was type-5 (0.14%). The major route of infection was surgery/dental procedures (52.02%), use of unsafe syringes (18.45%), blood transfusion (16.26%), razors or circumcision (5.90%), less than 3% due to needle stick, while 6.35% was unclear.

Conclusion: HCV The most spread genotype in Pakistan was 3a with rate of 58% followed by genotype 3b and 1a, respectively. Dental surgery was the main source of infection.

Keywords: Hepatitis C Virus; Genotypes; Molecular Epidemiology; Risk Factor

Abbreviations: EDTA: Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate; PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA: Ribonucleic Acid

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