The Role of Echocardiography in Pulmonary Sequestration Volume 61- Issue 1

Uthen Bunmee*

• Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand

Received: March 14, 2025; Published: March 24, 2025

*Corresponding author: Uthen Bunmee, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2025.61.009546

Abstract PDF

Echocardiography has four properties consist of non-invasive, inexpensive, radiation safety, and portability, so it has always been widely used. The role of echocardiography was check cardiac structure and pulmonary artery for exclude the contraindication of transcatheter occlude, and guide device position in peri-procedure, after procedure used echocardiography to check the position of the device. Therefore, it is necessary to practice how to use it. echocardiography In examining and following up on the treatment of pulmonary sequestration.

Pulmonary sequestration It is a type of hypervascularity that carries blood to the lungs (feeding) outside of normal channels. Derived from the Latin verb sequestare, which means “to separate,” giving one lobe of the lung a separate route for receiving blood from a branch other than the normal pulmonary artery (pulmonary artery), usually found in the lower lobe. It is classified as a vascular malformation that is rare. Its reported incidence is only 1 in 10,00-35,000 cases per year [1]. A 10-year retrospective study in China found the intralobar type to be the most common at 90 percent, followed by the extralobar type at 10 percent, all of which were treated with surgery [2]. This is close to the information in the article by Galanis M and colleagues who estimated the incidence at 0.15-1.8% [3].

The cause is still a matter of speculation, divided into five groups: vascular traction, vascular insufficiency, and accidental occurrence. co-incidental occurrence, acquired pathology following infection, and common developmental theory. The most accepted hypothesis states that Pulmonary sequestration It results from the formation of accessory lung nodes in the back (accessory lung). The majority of pathologies occurring outside the lobe are congenital abnormalities that may originate from the original foregut. It is often accompanied by other congenital abnormalities, such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia. and congenital lymph node abnormalities. Similarly, the abdominal intestines and trachea begin to develop at 3 weeks of gestation and later rupture into right and left lung lobes around the 4th week of gestation. The lung lobes develop until they become evident between the 5th and 8th weeks. Therefore, Pulmonary sequestration Therefore, it is most likely to occur during the 4th - 8th week of pregnancy. At this stage, there are other conditions that may be related, namely the hernia and diaphragm being higher than normal that may be related to extralobar sequestration. It will occur before the 6th week of pregnancy as well [4,5].

Although the standard tool for diagnosing pulmonary sequestration is computed tomography (CT) [6], The method of treatment for transcatheterization, angiography can be used to locate and confirm the lesion. (Figures 1A,1B & 2) However, both of the above methods are usually ordered after an initial Transthoracic echocardiography for detecting lesions and detecting concomitant pathologies [7], The standard view of echocardiography was including Parasternal view, Apical view, Subcostal view, and Suprasternal view. But the necessary view for diagnosing pulmonary sequestration are modified two chambers view and modified subcostal view (Figures 1 & 3).

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

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