Hibiscus and It’s Novel Properties on Hypertention Volume 58- Issue 1

Maria Majeed¹, Dania Aziz¹, Sana Kanwal¹, Zoya Ahmed¹, Asma Saghir Khan²* and Nazish Zulfiqar³

• ¹BS food and Nutrition scholar, Department of Home Economics Mirpur University of science and technology MUST Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
• ²Supervisor, Senior lecturer Food and Nutrition, Department of Home Economics, Mirpur University of science and Technology MUST Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
• ³Lecturer Food and Nutrition, Department of Home Economics Mirpur University of science and Technology MUST Azad Kashmir, Pakistan

Received: July 18, 2024; Published: August 08, 2024

*Corresponding author: Asma Saghir Khan, Supervisor, Senior lecturer Food and Nutrition, Department of Home Economics, Mirpur University of science and Technology MUST Azad Kashmir, Pakistan

DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2024.58.009105

Abstract PDF

Hibiscus sabdariffa, also known as Roselle, is a factory with different restorative and wholesome parcels. It has customarily been employed to treat altitudinous blood weight and thinks about have affirmed its blood weight impacts. The factory is fat in cancer forestallment agents, vitamins and minerals and has antibacterial and antiinflammatory parcels. It has been employed to treat a multifariousness of conditions, counting hypertension, cardiovascular infection, and infectious infections. Hibiscus sabdariffa is a implicit helpful specialist for different good issues and its employments incorporate conventional medicinal, aliment seasoning and refreshments.

Keywords: Hibiscus Sabdariffa; Roselle; Hypertension; Mechanism Action; Cardiovascular Diseases; Beverage

Hibiscus sabdariffa, too known as “ruddy salt grass” or “ Roseli “, is a flexible plant that can flourish in a assortment of soils as long as it is developed in a warm, sticky climate, in spite of the fact that it inclines toward well-draining soil. [1] Hibiscus plants are broadly utilized as decorative, there are more than 300 species around the world in tropical and subtropical regions.[1] Among the numerous assortments of hibiscus, two of the most well-known and developed are the common hibiscus (Hibiscus altissima) and the hibiscus sabdariffa. In specific, Hibiscus altissima is a interesting branchless plant that produces yellow blossoms and contains ruddy or green sepals.[1] Hibiscus sabdariffa L., moreover known as Roselle, has a place to the Malvaceae family and is developed in a few nations such as Egypt, China, Mexico and Sudan (Da-Costa-Rocha, et al. 2014). This plant has a wide run of applications both in the nourishment industry and medication. Thinks about have appeared that Hibiscus sabdariffa has a few restorative properties, counting antihypertensive, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and hepatoprotective [2]. Hibiscus sabdariffa Lin is a plant nourishment with vital wholesome esteem. The mugs of this plant are a wealthy source of vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins, antioxidant compounds and minerals [3]. Tall blood weight (140 mmHg) and diastolic blood weight (90 mmHg) are too known as HBP. ESH / ESC 2007 utilized blood weight, ideal bunches (diastolic blood weight less than 80 mmHg and systolic blood weight less than 120 mmHg), typical (diastolic blood weight 80- 840 and systolic blood weight 120-129 mmHg) (Fuchs and Whelton, 2020). Partitioned bunches for review high blood pressure and disconnected systolic blood weight (130-139 mmHg and 85-89 mmHg diastolic blood) were created with tall quality after normalization (Tanaka, 2020). There are 3 stages of high blood pressure, and compare as 1. smooth (diastolic blood weight 90-99 mmHg and systolic blood weight 140-159 mmHg), 2. coordinate (diastolic blood weight 100-109 mmHg and systolic blood weight 160). -179 mmHg), third genuine hypertension (diastolic blood weight 110 mmHg or more) and (systolic blood weight 180 or more) (Roerecke et al., 2019). A single systolic blood weight (140 mmHg or more) is classified as 1, 2 or 3 concurring to the systolic blood weight level, as long as the diastolic blood weight is less than 90 mmHg. Calyx takes off of Hibiscus sabdariffa have been utilized in various countries of the world as hot or cold drinks and for prosperity purposes, especially in the routine treatment of high blood pressure [4]. Concurring to therapeutic investigate, drinking H. sabdariffa can lower blood weight in people.

According to medical research, drinking H. sabdariffa can lower blood pressure in humans. Some animal studies have also shown that H. sabdariffa can lower blood pressure. In expansion, considers appear that H. sabdariffa calyces extricates cause unwinding of blood vessels (particularly the aorta), which can happen when they are choked by norepinephrine, phenylephrine or tall potassium. B. Extricates of sabdariffa have too been found to unwind other muscles in the body, such as those of the guts, uterus, and bladder.[5] High blood weight (Hypertension) has gotten to be a driving cause of passing around the world. Almost 691 million individuals around the world endure from high blood weight. Of the 15 million deaths caused by diseases of the circulatory system, 7.2 million are coronary heart disease and 4.6 million are cerebrovascular diseases. HT prevalence was 31.1% of adults in whole word in 2010]. In the United States, approximately 50 million patients have HT, and approximately 60,000 deaths are directly related to HT each year [6].

In West Africa and Mexico, Hibiscus Sabdariffa soup is used to treat hypertension. Many in vitro and in vivo studies show that Hs veil extract is used to lower diastolic and systolic pressure, act as a vasodilator and slow heart rate. This effect can occur through diuretic action, histamine-acetylcholine-like system and vasorelaxation. In addition, Hibiscus shows inhibition of platelets and unwanted changes in the gonadal process.[7]. - In Sudan, hibiscus is important as a well-defined organic product and for its beneficial properties. The dried flowers of this plant are used to make sweet herbal drinks and are often sold in grocery stores [7]. Hibiscus sabdariffa is known in folk medicine for its laxative properties and also has the potential to increase urination. These are the two main diuretic ingredients namely glycolic acid and ascorbic acid. After the presence of citric acid, it was found to be a cooling herb used in the summer season to provide relief by dilating the pores to cool the skin and increasing blood circulation on the surface of the skin.[7]. Different parts of Roselle are used in traditional medicine and in some foods. In Sudan, the dry calyx part of Hibiscus sabdariffa is used to make healthy drinks such as wine, soft drinks (without alcohol) and some flavonoids. However, many deserts are made from the dried part of the calyx, such as ice cream, jelly, sour tea, pies, butter and cakes, etc. [7].

Roselle, a safe herb [4] with several medically important compounds known as phytochemicals, known for its flavor properties as well as nutritional and medicinal properties [1] (Table 1).

Table 1.

Hibiscus sabdariffa L.is a traditional comestible drink and medicinal operation for the treatment of high blood pressure without side goods and has good eventuality as a salutary supplement for hypertension. The antihypertensive effect of HS has also been lately scientifically verified, especially in diabetics and postpartum maters [8]. The hypotensive eventuality of Hibiscus sabdariffa comes from its vasodilator, diuretic action, functionality as an ACE asset, adipocyte isolation asset, heart rate decelerating capacity and anti-inflammatory medium. The antihyperlipidemic effect is cure-dependent and results from antioxidant exertion and AMPK activation through phosphorylation and inhibition of the nonsupervisory adipogenic recap factors PPAR- γ, C/ EBP- α and SREBP- 1c, performing in general lipid- lowering goods. Hibiscus sabdariffa can contribute to reducing insulin resistance and have gliptin- suchlike goods by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IRS- 1, leading to a drop in blood glucose situations. [9]

Cardiovascular complaint (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and has come a global public health problem. Cardiovascular conditions are the leading cause of mortality encyclopedically, affecting both developed and developing nations likewise. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular conditions beget17.5 million deaths worldwide each time. Hypertension is the first and most important adjustable threat factor for cardiovascular complaint. [10] Cardiovascular complaint (CVD) represents a broad diapason of cardiovascular conditions and remains the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. CVD progression is explosively associated with threat factors including hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, inflammation, hypertension, fibrosis, and apoptosis oxidative stress, These threat factors lead to oxidative damage leading to colorful cardiovascular complications, including endothelial dysfunction, changes in vascular integrity, atherosclerosis and unrecoverable cardiac redoing [11]. Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces (HSC) is consumed as a cold or hot libation in utmost corridor of the world and is believed to have antihypertensive and hypolipidemic goods [10]. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) has been reported to contain colorful bioactive composites with antihyperlipidemic, hyperglycemic, antihypertensive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic goods. These parcels of Roselle, especially in its calyx, are important for its remedial and cardiovascular defensive goods in humans [11].

Roselle extracts obtained by different extraction methods have antibacterial activity against clinical isolates and foodborne pathogens, including multidrug-resistant bacteria [12]. Extracts obtained from the leaves and flowers of the plant have an antibacterial effect [13]. Phenolic Hs extricates have been found to contain different compounds such as anthocyanin, flavonoids, liquor compounds, triazine subordinates and esters, which are thought to contribute to their powerful antibacterial movement. HS extricates moreover contain different natural acids, counting hibiscus corrosive, which has been found to have inhibitory impacts Hibiscus corrosive was found to repress. Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Vibrio cholerae E.coli. This instrument has been proposed to disturb the porousness of bacterial cell layers [12] H. sabdariffa extract was found to effectively inhibit the growth of E. coli O157:H7 (at a concentration of 10%) taken from food, veterinary and clinical samples [14].

Antioxidants are most notable for its adequacy to gatherer the free electrons presently or it increase the action of free scavenging enzymes in the human body. Antioxidant compounds including polyphenols, flavonoids, and acids can gather the free radicals including hydroperoxides, peroxides, or lipid peroxyls, thereby inhibiting oxidative techniques that contribute degenerative disorders. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and phenolic butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) are uses in making of artificial antioxidants in food [15]. Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx educe is a golden goose of anthocyanin as a possible antioxidant, with antioxidant effectiveness because of cyanidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-sambubioside, and delphinidin- 3-sambubioside present in it. These anthocyanins are answerable to the red color of the H. sabdariffa calyxes and can be get better in order to use as colorants in various industries [16].

Hibiscus sabdariffa, moreover known as “ruddy salt grass” or “Roselle,” is a plant with different therapeutic properties and wholesome benefits. It flourishes in warm, muggy climates and is astronomically employed as an fancy factory in tropical locations. The factory has antihypertensive, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, antifungal, anticancer anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and hepatoprotective parcels. Considers have appeared that it can extend backing lesser race cargo by causing unwinding of race vessels and muscles. In usual drug, hibiscus is employed to make home grown quenchers to treat hypertension and other good effects. Hibiscus is fat in vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins, antioxidant composites, and minerals. It’s too known for its purgative and diuretic parcels, much accelerated to seasoning like glycolic sharp and ascorbic sharp. The factory has been experimentally demonstrated to have antihypertensive impacts and can extend backing dwindle cardiovascular luck variables. likewise, it has antibacterial parcels and antioxidant composites that can expect oxidative damage. altogether, Hibiscus sabdariffa is a profitable factory with a wide run of good advantages, from bringing around down race cargo to inhibiting bacterial evolution and oxidative detriment. It can be utilized in different shapes, such as home grown drinks, sweets, and dietary supplements, making it a flexible plant for by and large wellbeing and wellness.

1. Singh P, Khan M, Hailemariam H (2017) Nutritional and health importance of Hibiscus sabdariffa: a review and indication for research needs. Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Engineering 6(5): 125-128.
2. Salem MA, Ezzat SM, Ahmed KA, Alseekh S, Fernie A R, et al. (2022) A comparative study of the antihypertensive and cardioprotective potentials of hot and cold aqueous extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. in relation to their metabolic profiles. Frontiers in Pharmacology 13: 840478.
3. Tazoho G M, Gouado I, Ndomou M, Bonsi ST, Wamba YM, et al. (2016) Clinical, hematological and biochemical health benefit effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa Lin dried calyces beverage in human. Food and Nutrition Sciences 7(5): 383-395.
4. Aloufi BH, Atwan MA, Alshammari AM (2022) Treatment of Hypertension by Using Natural Herbs and their Mechanism of Action. Journal of Biochemical Technology 13(2): 19-28.
5. Alsayed AM, Zhang BL, Bredeloux P, Boudesocque-Delaye L, Yu A, et al. (2020) Aqueous fraction from Hibiscus sabdariffa relaxes mesenteric arteries of normotensive and hypertensive rats through calcium current reduction and possibly potassium channels modulation. Nutrients 12(6): 1782.
6. Marhuenda J, Perez-Pinero S, Arcusa R, Victoria-Montesinos D, Canovas F, et al. (2021) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of a polyphenolic extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa and Lippia citriodora) for reducing blood pressure in prehypertensive and type 1 hypertensive subjects. Molecules 26(6): 1783.
7. KAUR H, KAUR L, SINGH, A (2019) Medical Uses Of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle). International Journal of Life Sciences Research 7(2): 449-457.
8. Liu H, Liang ZM, Li RT, Yu Y G (2020) Advances in the mechanisms of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. on hypertension. In E3S Web of Conferences. EDP Sciences 145: 01039.
9. Amos A, Khiatah B (2022) Mechanisms of action of nutritionally rich Hibiscus sabdariffa's therapeutic uses in major common chronic diseases: a literature review. Journal of the American Nutrition Association 41(1): 116-124.
10. Abubakar SM, Ukeyima M T, Spencer JP, Lovegrove JA (2019) Acute effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces on postprandial blood pressure, vascular function, blood lipids, biomarkers of insulin resistance and inflammation in humans. Nutrients 11(2): 341.
11. Sapian S, Ibrahim Mze AA, Jubaidi F F, Mohd Nor NA, Taib IS, et al. (2023) Therapeutic potential of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. in attenuating cardiovascular risk factors. Pharmaceuticals 16(6): 807.
12. Prasetyoputri A, Rahmawati SI, Atikana A, Izzati FN, Hapsari Y, et al. (2021) A Mini Review on the Antibacterial Activity of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Phytochemicals. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. IOP Publishing 1192(1): 012017.
13. Ngan L TM, Tan MT, Hoang NVM, Thanh DT, Linh NTT, et al. (2021) Antibacterial activity of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. red flower against antibiotic-resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori and identification of the flower constituents. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 54: e10889.
14. Abdallah E M (2016) Antibacterial activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyces against hospital isolates of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Journal of Acute Disease 5(6): 512-516.
15. Shafirany M Z, Indawati I, Sulastri L, Sadino A, Kusumawati A H, et al. (2021) Antioxidant activity of red and purple rosella flower petals extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International 33(46B): 186-192.
16. Villalobos-Vega M J, Rodríguez-Rodríguez G, Armijo-Montes O, Jiménez-Bonilla P, Álvarez-Valverde V (2023) Optimization of the extraction of antioxidant compounds from roselle hibiscus calyxes (Hibiscus sabdariffa), as a source of nutraceutical beverages. Molecules, 28(6): 2628.