Hayriye ALP*
Received: February 23, 2023; Published: March 03, 2023
*Corresponding author: Hayriye ALP, Necmettin Erbakan University, GETAT Center, Konya, Turkey
DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2023.49.007747
The essential oil in Salvia triloba is 2-3.5%. According to the European pharmacopoeia, it is required that the whole drug contains at least 1.8% and the chopped drug at least 1.2%. It contains 1,8 cineoles. Apart from this, it contains less than 1% thujone, 1,5-2,4% camphor, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes. Hydroxycinnamon acid derivatives are at the rate of 5%. It is also known as Lamiacea tannin compounds. Rosmarinic acid is predominant. Diterpene bitter substances: its main components are carnosol (picrosalvin) and rosmanol. Flavonoids are 2%. It consists predominantly of flavones. Salvigenin, which is specific to droga, can be given as an example. Samples from July organic farm Bezm-i Alem Vakıf University Phytotherapy Education application and research center analyzed in September 2021. Gas chromatography was used for component determination, and gas chromatography flame ionization detector was used for percent determination by mass spectrophotometry. The highest content was found to be 63,604 and 1.8 cineol. The analysis result was found to be compatible with salvia triloba.
Keywords: Analysis; Phytotherapy Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Oil Volatile
The leaf drop of Salvia officinalis is registered in the European pharmacopoeia. At the same time, there is a positive monograph of the German E commission. It contains cytotoxic thujone. Salvia triloba leaf drug is similar to the leaves of medicinal sage in terms of chemical structure and treatment. Since medicinal sage does not grow naturally in Turkey, salvia triloba is used instead [1-3]. This species, which contains traces of thujone, is also used in Europe. The drug of both medicinal plants is accepted as medicinal sage in the scientific platform.
Content and Features
The essential oil of Salvia officinalis contains 30-50% of thujone and isotujone as a mixture. This mixture is cytotoxic. The essential oil is at the rate of 1-2.5%. It is desired to contain 10% essential oil. The essential oil consists mainly of monoterpenes. It contains 30- 50% thujone in its structure [4-7]. 25-30% camphor and 5-15% 1.8% cineol (eucolyptol), as well as borneol and bornyl acetate, % Contains 6-15 sesquiterpenes. Hydroxycinnamon acid derivatives: 2-6% and are named as Lamiacea tannin compounds. Rosmarinic acid comes first. Diterpene bitter substances: the main component is carnosilicic acid (salvin). as well as rosmanol and isorosmanol.
a) Flavonoids: They are at the rate of 1-3%.
b) Phenol glycosides: Caffeoyl-fructosyl glycoside, caffeoylapiosyl glycoside and others.
c) Triterpenes: the main component is ursolic acid. There are also polysaccharides.
The essential oil in Salvia triloba is 2-3.5%. According to the European pharmacopoeia, it is required that the whole drug contains at least 1.8% and the chopped drug at least 1.2%. It contains 1,8 cineoles. Apart from this, it contains less than 1% thujone, 1,5-2,4% camphor, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes. Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives are at the rate of 5%. Also known as Lamiacea tannin compounds. Rosmarinic acid is predominantly.
Diterpene bitters: its main components are carnosol (picrosalvin) and rosmanol. Flavonoids are 2%. It consists predominantly of flavones [8-11]. Salvigenin, which is specific to these flavones, can be given as an example. This study was conducted to analyze the salvia triloba plant and to investigate its compatibility with real salvia triloba.
In September 2021, salvia triloba plant drugs collected by the phytotherapist in the July organic farm were dried and sent to the BITEM laboratory. Here, a 5% solution of essential oil in hexane was prepared. Gas chromatography was used for component determination [11-13], and gas chromatography flame ionization detector was used for percent determination by mass spectrophotometry Figure 1.
Findings
The highest rate was 1.8 cineol(63,604) camphor (6,652) beta pinene (5,204) respectively.
In this study, we aimed to make a phytochemical analysis of Turkish sage. According to recent studies, it has been determined that the topical effect in inflammatory conditions of the mouth and throat is caused by ursolic acid. Its astringent effect has been proven [14]. This effect is due to the chlorogenic acid, ellaginic acid epicatechin and epillocatechingallate it contains. It has antioxidant properties. In studies with cell lines, methanolic extracts of Dalmatian sage have been shown to inhibit the proliferation of lymphoma and leukemia cells depending on dose and time, and this occurs through the apoptosis-related pathway.
Uses of Dalmatian Sage Approved by the German E Commission
It can be used internally for dyspeptic diseases, feeling of fullness, mild gastrointestinal cramps, antiperspirant, mouth and mucous mouthwash. ESKOP has prepared the Salvia trilobaefolium monograph and approved its use in cases of stomatitis, gingivitis, and pharyngitis in cases of hyperhidrosis. It has anti-hydrotic properties and reduces increased sweat secretion [15].
Dosage and Use
Internal use 4-6g drug/day 1 teaspoon of sage leaf is prepared as a medicinal tea infusion with 150ml hot water. It is brewed covered. It is infused for 10-15 minutes with the top covered. The reason for keeping the time long is to allow the bacteriostatic effective tannin compounds to pass into the water. The external liquid extract is recommended at a dose of 1.5-3g/day.
Side Effects
In long-term use of more than 15g as a daily dose, tachycardia due to thujone may cause hot flashes and dizziness.
Contraindications
Dalmatian sage is contraindicated in epileptic patients during pregnancy and lactation because of the thujone it contains. It is used only as a mouthwash, twice a day, not exceeding 4 weeks, after the fourth month of pregnancy.
Effect and Use
Dalmatian sage and Turkish sage show the same characteristics in terms of usage. It is used in colds, tonsillitis, pharyngitis. Care should be taken that the infusion is not hot during use. If it is to be used as a mouthwash, it is recommended to be applied every 2 hours. The plant is considered to be relaxing and bactericidal at the same time. Aqueous lipophilic leaf extracts have a broad antimicrobial spectrum. The antibacterial effect of carnosilicic acid, which is one of the diterpene bitter substances, affects RNA synthesis in bacteria and prevents their proliferation and regeneration. Although this effect is also seen in Turkish sage, this study was made with Dalmatian sage and shows the antibiotic effect of the plant. Substances with this feature in water. They emerge as soluble substances as a result of infusing the plant for at least 10 minutes. Its antiviral property is also known especially against herpes viruses. This effect has been proven in vesicular stomatitis. 1,8 cineole found in both sage teas give expectorant properties.