Short CommunicationAbstract
Entry: Road traffic accidents in Kosovo and around the world are taking many lives, causing casualties; injuries, disability, health problem, suffering, economic problems, family problems and death. Medical causes of road traffic accidents are caused; acute illnesses. Chronic, drugs, alcohol and fatigue etc. The Integrated Education Network of the first medical staff education and training is legally obliged to provide medical care at the scene of the accident to ensure and improve the quality of emergency medical care for victims of road traffic accident.
Purpose of work: The main purpose of this retrospective research is to identify the main causes of health problems that affect road traffic accidents, reducing morbidity, disability and mortality by implementing first aid measures at the scene of the accident.
The methodology of work: The research material was taken from the medical documentation of injured in road traffic accidents at the UCCK Emergency Clinic for the period January - December 2019. The research samples were the only injured in road traffic accidents. In the research 5254 cases of road traffic accidents were investigated, the research is of retrospective type, where the medical causes in causing traffic accidents were identified.
Results: According to the January - December 2019 patient numbers, there were 86,690 cases requiring medical assistance and 5254 of them being injured in road traffic accidents or 6.06. Medical causes of traffic accidents, 904 cases or 17.20% with diabetes, 680 cases or 12.94% with hypertension, 160 cases or 3.04% with visual problems and other cases with numbers the smallest of cases. Outbreaks with a nonhealth problem were 3152 cases or 59.99%.
Conclusion: Medical Problems Drugs, alcohol can have a direct impact on causing road traffic accidents to a large extent, which need to be timely intervened. The US Integrated Education Network training and training of first medical staff are legally obliged to provide medical care at the scene of the accident to provide and improve the quality of emergency medical care to victims in the event of a road traffic accident.
Keywords: Accidents; Traffic; Disease; Injury; Illness; BLS; Causes; Medical; Emergency; Care
Introduction
Road traffic accidents in Kosovo and around the world are taking
many lives, causing casualties; injuries, disability, health problem,
suffering, economic, family problems and death. Around 54 million
people are injured in road accidents worldwide each year, and
about 1.4 million die annually. Middle-income countries have the
highest rate of 20 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants. While the death
rate in Africa is higher (24.1 per 100,000 populations), the lowest
rate is in Europe [1-5]. “To date, 2513 people have died in Kosovo,
a worrying figure, but in 2019 (97 dead) or 10 casualties less than
the same period last year (107 dead), referring to statistics of the Kosovo Police. According to the Kosovo Police, based on statistics on
traffic accidents for 2018 that have been injured, there were more
than 12,000 injured and 107 dead at the Kosovo roads in 2018. In
2019, there were a total of 16,222 accidents, up from 15,877 in the
same period in 2018. During 2019, however, road traffic accidents
increased by 2.17 percent compared to 2018.
Kosovo Police and EMS distributed leaflets to participants in
traffic. The project has also been promoted in social media and
media, including lectures and discussions at school institutions.
Courses at the Emergency Clinic for the period January-December
2018 for those who required emergency medical care 55.234 /
4750 or 8.59% of injured road traffic and 32 dead at the Emergency
Clinic. And in 2019 those who required emergency medical care
86.690 / 5254 or 6.06% and died 22 at the Emergency Clinic. The
medical causes of traffic accidents can be; acute diseases. Chronic,
drowsiness, drug use (Sedative Hypnotics Benzodiazepines),
antidepressants. Alcohol, Effects of various drugs, opiates single
doses of narcotics, fatigue. The integrated network of EMEA
education and training of first medical staff is legally required to
provide medical care at the scene of the accident to provide and
improve in order to provide an effective medical service [6-8].
Purpose of Work
The main purpose of this retrospective research is to identify the main causes of health problems that directly affect road traffic accidents, and the measures to be taken to reduce morbidity, disability and mortality by implementing emergency assistance measures. First at the scene of the accident [9].
Methodology of Work
The research material was taken from the medical records of the injured in traffic accidents at the Clinic Emergency Clinic - UCCK for the period January - December 2019 and January - December 2019. The research samples were 5254 injured in road traffic accidents as well as victims with health reasons, age, gender, and conditions of BLS delivery on the scene during transport to hospital. Our research is based on these findings to the victims among the drivers of the injured or non-injured vehicle who reported data on the medical conditions and drugs used by the victims prior to the accident. Data were processed in Excel and the frequency and percentage of data was calculated and presented in the form of tables and graphs [10- 12].
Result
The research material was obtained from the medical documentation of the injured in road traffic accidents at the UCCK Emergency Clinic for the period January - December 2019. The research samples were the only injured in road traffic accidents with medical causes Table 1. According to the daily number of patients January - December 2018, emergency medical assistance was requested 55,234 cases per year, of them with injuries in traffic accidents 4750 cases or 8.59%, while For 2019 January - December were 86,690 5254 cases or 6.06% of those who sought medical assistance and were injured in road traffic accidents. Compared to 2018 the number of injured in road traffic accidents were higher by 8.59%, compared to 2019 the number of injured is lower by 6.06% or by 2.53% less (Figures 1-7), Tables 2-7. The highest number of road traffic accident victims were aged 15-29 years with 2900 cases or 55.19%, ages 30-39 were 1451 cases or 27.81%, and falling from age 40 to> 65 years. The number of cases without health problems was 3152 cases or 59.99%, while the number of cases with health problems was 2102 cases or 40.01%. For the occurrence of road traffic accidents, the highest number being 904 cases of diabetes or 17.20%, with hypertension 680 cases or 12.94%, with visual problems 160 cases or 3.04 %, while other cases had a smaller number of cases. Outbreaks with a non-health problem were 3152 cases or 59.99%. The highest number were with diabetes 904 cases or 17.20%, with hypertension 680 cases or 12.94%, with visual problems 160 cases or 3.04%, with hypertension, hypotension 76 cases or 3.61%, with epilepsy 75 cases or 3.55 % while the other cases had a smaller number of cases.
Figure 1: Number of cases by years.
Figure 2: Number of cases by age group.
Figure 3: By gender, most of the victims of road traffic accidents were male (76.66%), and female were 23.34%.
Figure 4: The number of cases gave me major health problems in road traffic accidents.
Figure 5: General number of cases and medical causes of occurrence of road traffic accidents Diagram 5. General number of cases and medical causes of occurrence of road traffic accidents.
Figure 6: Number of fatalities and medical causes in the occurrence of road traffic accidents.
Figure 7: Number of cases based on signs and symptoms reported by car drivers as a result of road traffic accidents, the highest number of injured as the main cause was loss of control by the driver were 1211 cases or 57.61%, with 441 cases or 20.98% vertigo, 123 cases or 5.71% fatalities. , with visual impairment were 102 cases or 4.75%, with headache were 67 cases or 3.18%, while other cases were small in number.
Table 1: Number of cases by year.
Table 2: Number of cases by age group.
Table 3: Number of cases by gender in road traffic accidents.
Table 4: Number of cases gave me major health problems in road traffic accidents.
Table 5: Overall number of cases and medical reasons.
Table 6: Number of casualties and medical causes in causing road traffic accidents.
Table 7: Number of cases based on signs and symptoms reported by car drivers as a result of road traffic accidents.
Discussion
The purpose of our research was to recognize and influence
medical conditions among victims’ leaders. Our research shows
to understand the pattern, type and severity of accident injuries
and medical conditions among road traffic accident victims. Our
research shows an increase in casualties and a decrease in the
number of road traffic accidents. Compared to 2018 with 2019
there is a decrease of 2.53% in the number of road traffic accidents.
In Kosovo, the main cause of morbidity and mortality and disability
in road traffic is the young age of the population [13-18]. The
highest number of road traffic accident victims were aged 15-29
years with 2900 cases or 55.19%, ages 30-39 were 1451 cases
or 27.81%, and falling from age 40 to> 65 years. Despite the fact
that traffic injuries account for only 6.5% of all road accidents, this
represents about 25% of annual spending in Kosovo which costs
in euros. It has been reported that 50% and 15% of road accident
injuries are related with head injuries, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis,
limbs and spine [19,20].
The number of cases without health problems was 3152 cases
or 59.99%, while the number of cases with health problems was
2102 cases or 40.01%.A study conducted in Finland found a higher
incidence of road traffic accidents among drivers with a history of
arterial hypertension. Of the total number of cases and medical
reasons for the occurrence of road traffic accidents, the largest
number were those with diabetes 904 cases or 17.20%, with
hypertension 680 cases or 12.94%, with visual problems 160 cases
or 3.04%, whereas the other cases had a smaller number of cases.
Outbreaks with non-health problems were 3152 cases or 59.99%.
Number of cases based on signs and symptoms reported by car
drivers as a result of road traffic accidents.
The highest number of injured as a main cause was loss of
control by the driver were 1211 cases or 57.61%, with vertigo 441
cases or 20.98%, with 123 cases or 5.71% drowsiness, 102 cases
or 4.75% with vision problems, 67 cases or 3.18% with headaches,
while other cases were small [21,22]. The results of our research are
consistent with the work of the author Havagiray R. Chitme Impact
of Medical Conditions and Medications on Road Traffic Safety,
2018. It is important that the medical causes in causing road traffic
accidents should be prevented by taking precautionary measures
medicine to the sick suffering from acute chronic illnesses, visual
problems, and psychic problems are constantly monitored to avoid
serious complications. Despite the fact that traffic injuries account
for only 6.5% of all road accidents, this represents about 25% of
annual spending in Kosovo costing in euros head, neck, chest,
abdomen, pelvis, limbs and spine.
Conclusion
Mild bodily harm cannot be found in any law, so primary categorization at the scene of the accident or on arrival at a health facility later on during treatment or after treatment must be corrected. Injuries to those with mild superficial bodily injury and to a large extent should be treated in an outpatient manner and leave no lasting harmful effects either functionally or aesthetically. Educate and train with BLS courses and advanced trauma healthcare professionals especially pre-hospital and hospital level. Educate and train with basic trauma support courses; police officers, firefighters and communities. Victims with serious bodily harm should be provided medical care only by MS 112 and after stabilization should be urgently referred to the Emergency Clinic for definitive monitoring, diagnosis and treatment. Driving licenses should not be issued without a medical certificate from a strict verification commission [22-24].
All drivers of health problems with drugs, the impact of alcohol and drugs all have to pay out of pocket. Driving licenses should not be issued without a medical certificate from a strict verification commission. Emergency health services and Kosovo Police services from accident victims should be involved and such services not covered. Emergency Services and Emergency Response Services can be useful to increase road safety. The Government of Kosovo should make efforts to provide trauma care facilities to Kosovo citizens by establishing many trauma care schemes in Kosovo such as: National Highway Trauma Care Project. National Highways Accident Relief Services Scheme, Incident Management System, and Emergency Medical Service Systems. Project National Highway Traffic Care Project, National Highway Accident Assistance Services Scheme, Incident Management System, Systems Emergency Medical Service Systems.
Incorporate as a subject First aid at lower secondary and upper secondary level and in Universities and Traffic Safety Lower secondary level as a compulsory subject. Organize educational campaigns for traffic participants, schools and communities. Road traffic accidents are a serious social problem requiring immediate action to prevent and implement BLS lifesaving measures which shorten the rescue time to restore vital signs functions, approximately 5 minutes. Because after this period, irreversible changes in life functions occur. Only 10% of developed European countries have a chance to receive professional medical assistance within 10 minutes of road accident victims. Whereas in Kosovo this time interval is very difficult due to road blockages, lack of ambulances, medical staff as well as education and training skills with first aid courses. The US MSE integrated education and training network of first medical staff is legally required to provide medical care at the scene of the accident to ensure and improve the quality of emergency medical services.
Disclosure
The authors declared no conflict of interest. No funding was received for this study.
Acknowledgement
We would like to thank medical staff of Emergency Clinic of the university Clinical center of Kosovo.
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