Rapid Progress in Diagnosis of ANCA-associated Vasculitis

Mahmoud Al-Azab¹, Abdou Ellabban², Salah Adlat³, Marwan AL-Moiliqy¹, Mohammed Abdo¹, Haithm Mousa¹, Yaser Jamalat¹, Abdulla Shopit¹, Eskandar Qaed¹ and Bing Wang*¹

Received: November 22, 2018;   Published: November 29, 2018

DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.11.002119

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Abstract

Diagnosis of ANCA associated vasculitides (AAVs) represents a big burden in the medical field because of clinical features diversity. Wegener’s granulomatosis or granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), Churg-Strauss syndrome or eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) are the main small-vessel vasculitis. GPA presents in the head and neck, and the Sinonasal cavity is among the most common areas affected. EPGA is occurring within patients with a history of asthma, whereas MPA is known by poor immune complexes markers in histopathology section. In addition, kidney and lung commonly involved in patients with MPA, this may sequentially involve the nervous and musculoskeletal systems. Moreover, skin, heart, eyes, and intestine can be involved. Due to of those varieties and overlapping in signs and symptoms the proper diagnosis is still an urgent need in AAVs management. Although detection of ANCA autoantibodies and histopathology reporting still essential tools for AAVs investigation, it has been reported that they are not enough for definitive diagnosis.

Keywords : Diagnosis; Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA); ANCA-Associated Vasculitis (AAVs); granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA); Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA); microscopic polyangiitis (MPA)