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Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research

August, 2022, Volume 45, 4, pp 36684-36687

Mini Review

Mini Review

Biotribological Actions of Biomaterials

Sahand Arasteh*

Author Affiliations

Department of Materials Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran

Received: August 05, 2022 | Published: August 11, 2022

Corresponding author: Sahand Arasteh, Department of Materials Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2022.45.007235

Introduction

Note: (Reliability) r=1-f r=1-0= %100 and r=1-1= %0

Figure 1: Reliability [3].

Biotribology is a compound word of biology and tribology this term introduced in 1966 and came from Greek word and science and technology to be combined with friction, wear, and lubrication [1]. In fact, it is an interaction of surfaces. Tribology includes the nature of surfaces from both a chemical and physical point of view, including topography and interaction of surfaces under load [2]. From microscopy view, tribology includes lubrication process with friction and wear. For example, there are four reasons to removes the implants (1) fracture, (2) infection, (3) wear and (4) loosening. (Figure 1) Between them, the removal due to the infection generally occurs in relatively early stages after implantation, while the other three incidents increase by ther years [3,4]. Human joints are one example of natural joints and show low wear and exceedingly low friction through lubrication. Disease and accidents can be function of the joints and it’s necessary for joint replacement [5]. On the other hand, Medical implants, such as prostheses should demonstrate very good tribological properties, as well as biological mertness. Also, their longevity depends significantly on the wear of the rubbing elements. The developments of total replacement like hip, knee, ankle , shoulder and hand joints would not have been possible without extensive in vitro and in vivo studies of the tribological problems, especially wear in artificial joints [3,6]. There are a number of important testing for this issue that can greatly affect a wear study in addition to the implant design and material selection [7].

Friction of Biomaterials

For example, about human lens depend on the shape and material properties of the lens, where the observation time is in minutes or hours, indicate that the stiffness of the lens increases with age at a faster rate in the lens centre than in the periphery. About hip prosthesis the frictional behavior of head coated with an oxide layer about 1-3 μm thick produced by induction heating can be expected to arise even under light pressures [8,9]. Recently fretting wear of Ti-6Al-4V flat against silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramics ball using a special rotational fretting wear test reported accumulation of plastic deformation within the center of wear scars in the gross slip conditions and different fretting regimes [10].

Toxicity of Biomaterials

Understanding the phenomenon of the biological interaction of biomaterials an important aspect in evaluating the stability of an implant. As summarized in (Figure 2), the first stage involves the development of new implantable biomaterial involving processing, and physical and microstructural characterization and To avoid such anomalies, the potential toxicity in vitro and in vivo of a biomaterial should be evaluated before clinical use [11,12].

Figure 2: Schematic illustration of the various stage before biomaterials uses [11].

Improvement for Anti Tribological Deterioration

For improving the anti-tribological phenome, plasmaspray TiO2 coating was evaluated. Surface modification of biomaterials by conventional ion implantation and plasma immersion on implantation are innovative methods to improve the biocompatibility of these advanced materials. For example, biocompatibility improvements of Ti-6Al-4V with N and O is a conventional process [13-15] (Figure 3).

Figure 3: Scheme of a CGS gun, interaction between TiO2 particles and the nitrogen stream, and representative obtained coatings [13].

References

Mini Review

Biotribological Actions of Biomaterials

Sahand Arasteh*

Author Affiliations

Department of Materials Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran

Received: August 05, 2022 | Published: August 11, 2022

Corresponding author: Sahand Arasteh, Department of Materials Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2022.45.007235

ABSTRACT

Biotribology is a compound word of biology and tribology this term introduced in 1966 and came from Greek word and science and technology to be combined with friction, wear, and lubrication [1]. In fact, it is an interaction of surfaces. Tribology includes the nature of surfaces from both a chemical and physical point of view, including topography and interaction of surfaces under load [2]. From microscopy view, tribology includes lubrication process with friction and wear. For example, there are four reasons to removes the implants (1) fracture, (2) infection, (3) wear and (4) loosening. (Figure 1) Between them, the removal due to the infection generally occurs in relatively early stages after implantation, while the other three incidents increase by ther years [3,4].