Review ArticleABSTRACT
The author (a Russian) has been engaged in various fields of science for many years (chemistry and radio engineering, economics and analysis of economic activity, and for the last 50 years in plant biochemistry) and by the age of 80 he understood why the Russians are exactly the way their own folk art characterizes (see. epigraph). And this conclusion was confirmed at every step. Based on the molecular mechanisms of regulation in living systems, and their connection with the genetic apparatus, a genetic and biochemical concept is proposed for the reasons for the difference in these characteristics between Russians and the peoples of Western Europe, which lead to intraspecific contradictions in Homo Sapience. But the internal reason for such actions is the unwillingness to stop the use of mineral fertilizers in agriculture (which consumes half of the oil and gas resources of mankind), leading to the death of civilization on planet Earth. Possible ways out of this situation are proposed.
Introduction
The entire evolution of living systems is connected with the constant coordination of biochemical processes within organisms with the conditions of their existence. When any conditions change, each time there is a violation of metabolic processes in accordance with the new realities. Each individual experiences this process differently. The more variations for a given individual to move forward, the wider for him the choice of information for subsequent changes in his metabolism. And no one chooses this information. It’s just that the individual who eventually has the largest number of winning options for subsequent changes will be more successful in his entire future life. He will leave behind more offspring and, accordingly, will occupy a larger territory for his existence. Those who do not have the necessary internal changes to overcome new adverse conditions are more likely to die. This is how the evolutionary development of each species occurs in nature. Each time the more successful individuals survive. But success is determined by more winning options. Having put the question in the title, I did not expect to fully answer it. I just had that itch in me that makes me look for the reasons for what is happening in everything and find ways to correct it for the better. And convey this information to people. To a certain extent, this is due to the fact that in my work book there is the word “Analysis”. 55 years ago I taught “Economics” and “Analysis of Economic Activities” at the Agricultural Institute. Although it should be noted that in the Soviet Union there was no “analysis of economic activity”, and instead of the economy, decisions of the party and government were usually discussed. The appearance of the word “Analysis” in the economy of the USSR at that time is the merit of my then head in the field of economics, Professor Serafim Andrianovich Ilyin, and he actively promoted me in this direction.
Although I didn’t know anything about it then, and I understood it already after leaving economics for biochemistry. S.A. Ilyin tried to generate in me an analytical approach to everything. As he told me: “Nothing happens without a reason. Look for this reason and you will understand everything. And this slogan subsequently helped me a lot in biochemistry. I left the economy because my very short “Analysis” of the economics of agriculture in the collective farms of the Soviet Union immediately stumbled upon a very strange situation. It turned out that the cow, it seems, was being pushed forward and back, but there was no milk at the exit. As it turned out later, everything was explained very simply. Feed was poorly taken into account and floated away to the household plots of collective farmers to raise their animals. That is, they were simply stolen. Realizing this, I abandoned economics and moved on to biochemistry, but the lectures on Analysis, which began in 1967, were read to the end. This was facilitated by the fact that my former classmate of the Agricultural Institute, Igor Anatolyevich Chernov, worked at that time at the Department of Biochemistry of the University. It was he who suggested that I enter the graduate school at the Department of Biochemistry with Igor Anatolievich Tarchevsky (IAT).
I still feel guilty before Serafim Andrianovich, because with my departure, big troubles came to him, since the idea of “analytical economics” in the USSR came from him. Therefore, at first (under N.S. Khrushchev), he was even nominated for this to the rectors of the Kazan Agricultural Institute, and after my departure (L.I. Brezhnev already appeared), he was removed from the rectors and he even had to leave for another region. And this was reflected even in the history of the Kazan Agricultural Institute, in which there are almost no traces of S.A. Ilyin. but there is my trace as a teacher of “Analysis of economic activity”. I was very interested in working in the field of plant biochemistry. It was here that one could, out of touch with outsiders, plan one’s experiments and do one’s own “Analysis”. And share the results with others. But, strange as it may seem, on the basis of my work in the field of agriculture, radio engineering and biochemistry, by the age of 80 I had a certain integrity of ideas about what kind of Russia it is and why. So take this story as “Special Opinion of Professor of Biochemistry and (Soros Professor) V.I. Chikov” about why Russia is like this. In addition, I enclose (as an illustration) the history of my scientific activity (Figure 1) and some publications in recent years, which also testify in favor of these conclusions of mine.
Figure 1: Photo-copy of the page of work book VI Chikov (Chikov, 2022).
What is the Reaction of the Human Body to Changing Conditions
All processes occurring in the human body, like in all other animals, are programmed to start and are accompanied by genetic information, which is then transmitted (copied) to descendants. Changes can be of a different nature. But all these regulatory processes take place at the atomic and molecular level, where everything is very mobile and constantly changing. To understand all this, it is necessary to be aware that only physics operates inside a living system, and nothing but physics. And even biochemistry is physics at the molecular and supramolecular levels (Chikov, Akhtyamova [1]). To make this level of events more understandable to a wide range of readers, I will present it to you visually. Suppose as I once suggested to students of the biofaculty of biochemical orientation when reading a course in general biochemistry, that this hat on my head is a hydrogen nucleus. And this piece of chalk rotating around it is an electron that moves in a circle around the nucleus (cap) at a distance of 100-200 meters. And between the electron and the nucleus, as you all know, there is a void. The more electrons in an atom, the relatively farther they are from the nucleus. Why go further? Yes, because the forces of attraction (holding it at the core) become weaker with distance, and it can more easily break away and fly away. And so is every atom in nature. All this moves in the most erratic way.
This electron is present (around the nucleus) everywhere, and at the same time, at this particular moment, it is neither here nor there. So the space inside the atom is very empty. If the flying particle is not charged and will not be attracted either to the nucleus or to the electron, then it can even fly past all these atoms. Uncharged particles (for example, a stream of neutrons from space) can even fly through the entire Earth. Only some of them, of course. But some part will either end up in the nucleus or the electron. And this atom will be changed, and, consequently, there will be corresponding changes in genetics and in the entire metabolism of the cell, organ and body. But only if it happens in a sufficiently large number of cases. Moreover, if some metabolic flow accompanying the change in conditions for some reason suddenly disappears and will be absent for a long time, then its genetic support will gradually sink into the depths of “sleeping (temporarily inactive) genes”. The longer this factor is absent, the deeper its genetic accompaniment sinks into the depths of DNA, waiting for the situation when this factor is required. On the contrary, if the concomitant factors that accompany the main metabolism are present all the time, then they become an organic constituent element of the entire cellular process. Thus, the entire field of genetic accompaniment of the metabolism of the entire cell and this entire individual organism is changing.
This is the main reason for the well-known claim of geneticists that only 10% of all genes work in DNA. It was assumed that the rest of the DNA did not work and was not needed. In fact, they are just waiting in the wings when they are needed and used. Their information has accumulated for many millions of years, in different situations and with different factors. DNA is the result of the collection of information over all these millions of years in many previous generations of a given individual. And if, as a result of the disappearance of that active factor that once caused the appearance of this gene, then it can gradually disappear from DNA as well. At the same time, any single compound (low molecular weight substance, protein or lipid, etc.) may at some point be subjected to sudden effects of surrounding molecules. And this impact can even be indirect. For example, some molecule, which was accidentally hit by another very heavy molecule, received such a large energy that, hitting another molecule, it can tear off one or even several atoms from it. As a result, both molecules are damaged. And they become completely different compounds. The continuation of the already begun chain of metabolic transformations without them can no longer be carried out. For example, carbon 14C, losing only one electron, immediately turns into nitrogen 14N. Such events are unlikely, but possible. And they can make such important changes in metabolism that they will need to be fixed in genetics and passed on to descendants (from microbes to humans).
The same thing happens with human individuals. All doctors, and especially psychologists, know that a person, having worked for many years in some area of human activity, changes to a large extent. He gains experience and becomes a valuable specialist in the field. And all this is fixed genetically. But moving to another field of activity (in which he did not work before) can be completely unusable. Moreover, all these changes are also fixed genetically. And it is important to take this into account, since these changes become part of the characteristics of a given population of humanity. Of course, provided that it was a mass phenomenon. Individual (random) changes are not saved and disappear.
Features of the Development of Homo Sapience in Russia
Russia’s neighbors from Western Europe often present their claims to it (especially in recent years) for its militancy and the seizure of foreign lands. But Russia is the eastern bastion for the whole of Western Europe. It was she, Russia, who took upon herself all the horror of the regular Mongols raids from the East and protected Europe from the same massive impact. But what happened. Suddenly, an armada of nomads ran in, killed the male population, raped, robbed the rest and disappeared. And so it went on for many centuries. Let us consider all these events and their consequences from a genetic and biochemical point of view, since the genetics of Russians underwent significant changes under these conditions. What was the difference between the fate of the ancestors of the Russians from the Europeans. There are many European countries, but they are all territorially small. Although contradictions arose between them and there were conflicts, they could always enter into an alliance with one or the other neighbors and, one way or another, resolved their internal problems (peacefully). As a result, they became (and remained, despite linguistic differences) very close to each other. This was facilitated by the existence of a single religion among most of them, which softened the struggle of contradictions between them. The kings even often exchanged marriages with their neighbors. And all this created a certain commonality of all neighboring nationalities.
What was the difference between the fate of the ancestors of the Russians from the Europeans. There are many European countries, but they are all territorially small. Although contradictions arose between them and there were conflicts, they could always enter into an alliance with one or the other neighbors and, one way or another, resolved their internal problems (peacefully). As a result, they became (and remained, despite linguistic differences) very close to each other. This was facilitated by the existence of a single religion among most of them, which softened the struggle of contradictions between them. The kings even often exchanged marriages with their neighbors. And all this created a certain commonality of all neighboring nationalities. In Russia, the genetic basis of the population was formed under very special conditions, in which all the most positive qualities of an individual were no longer associated with caring for a person, but with resistance to the enemy. In society, an idea was formed (in their opinion) of such main qualities of an individual as militancy and aggression. However, these qualities were not suitable for peaceful life. A cult of a tough and tough leader arose, who rules everyone, but does not give advancement to other individuals in non-military fields of activity. And most importantly, in these military conditions, a greater understanding and support by the population of just such leaders was formed.
Among doctors and, especially psychologists, the opinion is well known that professionally deformed personalities work and form in the cadres of law enforcement agencies. They have the idea that everyone around them is enemies and criminals, and the methods of influencing them are only by force. At the same time, these dominating individuals have no understanding of how the process of evolution in living systems is regulated. And at the same time, the erroneous information that forms in their heads is planted in every way on their citizens and receives their support. Therefore, individuals who have worked in law enforcement agencies for a long time, and whose genetics are deformed by previous conditions, should not be allowed to manage other (civilian) sectors of the economy and everyday life, and the power structures of the state themselves should always be under the control of civil society. It was the misunderstanding of this that created the wellknown expression: “whatever they take up in Russia, the result is a tank.” This is how their psyche has developed. And conceived and patented inventions for peaceful affairs are being implemented in the West in civilized countries. In Soviet times, when I filed my first patent, the Japanese asked the USSR to sell them the contents of the wastebasket of the USSR Patent Bureau. Ours refused. Not for myself, not for people. But no, to think - from what are they asking? Wouldn’t it be useful for us? Shouldn’t we create the best possible conditions for our inventors? In this direction, the brains did not work. Here strategic thinking was not enough, and dependence and hatred for the successful appeared.
As a result of the long-term military control of civil society (as in Russia), there is still a very excessive amount of secrecy in any area of civil activity. Recently, there have been many trials of citizens in Russia, accusing them of some kind of betrayal or transferring secrets to enemy states. The question is, what other secrets can be in power from their own citizens. If these are the secrets of the production of various military poisonous substances (such as OV “baby”). So after all, such activities are prohibited at the international level. And the country’s authorities commit crimes of international significance. And such activities must be under the control of civil society. But this is what all the security forces are afraid of. And everything is kept secret. And this is unacceptable. In Russia itself, fraudsters immediately transform any inventions into other names and force the population to buy the same thing, but for completely different purposes. I have two useful patents. None have found official practical use. But they were actively and repeatedly used by many “as an excuse” for embezzlement of private or budget funds. And then no one asks: “What kind of patent is this, and who is its owner.” I could cite a detective story of how some such figures from the military-industrial complex (the Doka firm) in the 90s, using my idea (the application of which I have already been refused), created their own business project for financing by banks.
Quite unexpectedly, a representative of that bank (it was Volzhsko-Kama Bank) came to me for an examination. And I saw what nonsense these nascent merchants were pushing to get money. And, of course, I helped the bank to reasonably refuse to finance these scammers. But this is an isolated case. But, interestingly, I then learned from the bank employees that there was an instruction from M.S. Gorbachev - do not touch the nascent businessmen. And those who knew about such an order calmly took a loan from a bank, used it for their own purposes, and then declared the bankruptcy of the enterprise. At the same time, money was given (as it were) not to an individual, but to a legal entity (it was as if the company went bankrupt, and not a specific person). But someone took advantage of this and stole budget funds.
How is the Specificity of their Evolutionary Development Reflected in the Image of Different Countries
With the evolutionary development of mankind, the efficiency of its activity also increased. The number of individuals necessary to create the very conditions for the existence of all mankind (food, clothing and housing) decreased. If in the middle of the 20th century it was believed by economists that only 10% of the population is needed for this, then recently one economist said on Ekho Moskvy that now only 2% of the population is needed for this. He probably attributed this indicator specifically to Russia, because. it lives mainly in the oil and gas sector of the economy, which, in terms of labor costs and the population distracted by this, probably makes up that much. What follows from this? This means that the vast majority of the population parasitizes on the labor of those 2%. Let’s set aside workers from the public service sector, because. they also exist at the expense of the same 2%, although they create a certain useful surplus product for people. This most important circumstance affects the motivation of the behavior of individuals in the course of the evolutionary development of a given group of the population. In order for a person to rise among others, there are only two ways. Or the person works hard. Learns more and more.
And this is combined with natural abilities. Sooner or later, others understand that this should be guided by. He is superior to them in knowledge, he is respected. Or another way - to crush everyone around and make them respect him as a leader. Rise above the population by force. It is quite obvious that the attitude towards such leaders will be completely different. Moreover, leaders from the security forces, as a rule, think little about the population under their control. In Russia, the second principle definitely prevails. In favor is the one who is cool, who does nothing, but has everything. Coolness is actively promoted. However, such an individual does not create new means of subsistence. It can only take away, redistribute or even destroy competing individuals. This intensifies the competition between the remaining ones. Moreover, this competition is special. Compare it with the competition between the members of the choir - who will sing better, increasing the overall harmony of the performance.
Let’s pay attention to what the Internet is filled with (especially in Russia) - offers, like doing nothing, to have big money. This does not happen, otherwise money loses its purpose - to be a measure of the labor expended. In conditions when the work of creating means of subsistence becomes the lot of an insignificant minority of the population, it becomes not only unfashionable, but even invisible. The evolution of each individual, under these conditions, proceeds by pushing others around with elbows. The main motivational sign to become - weaning the results of someone else’s labor. It doesn’t matter what to take away (business, apartment, idea), the main thing is to take away. Observations show that such an individual receives satisfaction already from the very process of taking the fruits of labor from another. Even if he does not need these fruits. The richest feeling of pleasure is to see the joy of another person to whom you have done good. Especially if he doesn’t even know who did it to him. In the combinations of genes in a military man, the opposite is true - pleasure arises from the successful suppression of enemies. And for this, a completely different composition (and number) of genes accompanying the main activity and metabolism is completed. And at the same time, the combination of these genes excites a feeling of pleasure in this individual. Therefore, it takes time to change the features of the structure of the genetic apparatus of the population. And the more this process continues, the more contrasting this difference becomes. It is these complexities that determine the properties of different populations of Homo Sapience and cause intraspecific contradictions.
It is important that individual fragments of DNA and RNA can be reused many times already when creating their own genetics by other organisms (with the preservation of their informational essence for enzymes). And this means that these individual fragments of DNA and RNA (remaining after the death of the former very different organisms) can be used for many subsequent generations in creating their own genetic apparatus (not only for humans, but also for any other organisms, starting from microbes). Of course, only on condition that they are useful for the perfection of their evolution. Even if this benefit consists in a sense of satisfaction. In this regard, we will consider the possibility of implementing such events in Homo sapience. It is quite obvious that by specializing in a certain area of his activity (and under appropriate conditions), a person forms and accumulates for this a specific set of information that is necessary for a response to changes in just such conditions. Accordingly, all this is provided by genetic material. In addition, an individual, choosing a further path of development for himself, unconsciously connects them with his individual interests and principles previously adopted in this form. This is especially true for military units. Accordingly, having served in law enforcement agencies, a person becomes professionally changed. Therefore, such personnel should not be allowed to manage civil activities, and law enforcement agencies should always be under the control of civil society.
What can be Done in such a Situation
Of all living systems on planet Earth, only one species (Homo Sapience) has intraspecific contradictions leading to its death (Chikov, 2022). In my opinion, this can only be avoided if all of humanity (at the UN level) makes a conscious decision to create a single state entity, with a common constitution and a single command to maintain peace and order on the entire planet Earth. At the same time, it is necessary to create and put into action a system for cleaning the human gene pool from the genes of despotism, malice and hatred of man. The fact is that DNA and RNA polynucleotides are practically inorganic material. The purine and pyrimidine bases included in their composition, although they consist of carbon, do not participate in metabolism (except for the creation and reading of genetic information). They are not used by other organisms (including microbes) both in the synthesis of cellular metabolites and in respiration as an energy material. At the same time, in the composition of a corpse (tissues of a dead organism), DNA and RNA are quite strong compounds, and after the death of the living system itself, they do not break down to CO2, H2O and NO. Ultimately, they can only be destroyed by burning in a crematorium.
All this allows us to conclude that DNA and RNA fragments can be reused to a large extent when creating their own genetic apparatus by other organisms (with the preservation of their informational essence). And this means that these fragments of DNA and RNA (remaining after the death of the former very different organisms) can be included in the genetic apparatus of other living systems for many generations (and many times). Of course, only on condition that they contribute to the perfection of their evolutionary changes. In this regard, let us consider the possibility of realization of such events in Homo sapience and their consequences. It is quite obvious that, specializing in a certain area of his activity and under certain conditions, a person forms and accumulates for this a specific set of information that is necessary for a response to changing conditions of his existence. Accordingly, this is provided by the genetic material. Thus, depending on the prevailing conditions, an entire population of the population (country) also forms a specific genetic apparatus, which may fundamentally differ from other countries. And the main difference is in the share of the power component. If a given population of Homo sapience has been occupied with military operations for a large part of its history, then it is precisely this structure of their genetics that leads to increased intra-species contradictions and a more active violation of the objective laws of nature and, as a result, to environmental disasters (Chikov [2]).
What to do (in my Opinion) in Russia now in this Situation?
It seems to me that, first of all, it is necessary to issue a law criminalizing the beating of children. Then, in two or three generations, a more humane society may appear in Russia. The author himself was beaten in childhood by his father, who at the same time used to say: “For one beaten, they give two unbeaten.” This slogan flourished throughout the century-long history of Russia. Having already matured, I asked my father: “So, where are the unbeaten in Russia? Ay? Respond.” Not Beat In Russia, no. Or they are negligible, and they cannot positively influence the situation in the country. That’s the main reason - everyone is clogged. And everyone is afraid of everything. This is what rulers use. Such individuals are not able to make a choice in the field of civic activity. Power processes are good for controlling the masses. But at the same time, they must be under the control of civil society, so that the security forces do not subordinate everything and everyone for their own personal benefit. The power control system for selfdevelopment is especially ineffective. There is little information in such a system due to the lack of freedom of choice. Therefore, a downtrodden, not free population cannot create an effective production either. For the same reasons, young children should not be involved in imitation of military service (Chikov, 2022). For a person, such a choice can (and should) be made only consciously and in adulthood. Ten-year-old children in military uniforms are the criminal activity of the authorities, who, it seems to them, are creating additional power structures under their command. As a result, the child is deprived of the prospects for civic activity.
The Octobrists in the neighboring school wear military uniforms at public expense. What is this for? In impoverished Russia, this is of course a great help to parents. But this is the production of cannon fodder (Chikov, 2022). Therefore, those who use them to strengthen their own power are committing a crime against humanity. This system cannot be defeated. It can only be destroyed. But the main horror is that in such conditions, all the inhabitants of the country are also inclined to support the strong-willed decisions of the authorities. There is no (lost) in Russia and the expression of citizens’ own will. Especially in the field of agriculture. Working as an agronomist, I was personally convinced of this. Everyone is waiting for the order from the authorities, that someone will do everything, fix it and there is no need to think about anything. And then no one will punish from the district committee of the party or from the Ministry of Agriculture. This shows well that everything in Russia has been strangled since the times from Stalin to Putin. The Putin regime is the apogee of omnipotence. But at the same time, the fundamental laws of the evolutionary development of nature are violated. He does not understand (or pretends not to understand) the essence of the evolutionary development of living systems, that “truth is born in a dispute.” And the most advantageous option is found only in conditions of free choice. All my fifty years of scientific experience in biology testifies to this (Figure 1).
Strange as it may seem, the best way to resolve the issue with Russia would be to repeat the brilliant step of the FRG. In general, in my opinion, Germany itself received the largest and most valuable positive effect from the results of the Second World War. It was she who, having survived and rethinking all the results of the war, and most importantly, forbidding herself (like Switzerland) any thoughts about possible participation in wars, opened the way to prosperity for herself. And the first thing she did brilliantly when joining the GDR was to replace all the judges in the GDR with Western ones (FRG). The same should be done in Russia, where there is no normal, honest judicial system. And most importantly, do not frighten the Russians with the threat of war with civilized countries. Civilized countries themselves are only interested in a peaceful outcome of all problems with Russia. They are doing great self-development. They have freedom of thought. This is what attracts bright minds from all over the world to them. But they are afraid of Russia and Putin. They do not need war, they do not need weapons. Here’s an example for you. Many states tried to create Silicon Valley: Sweden, Japan, China, India, but no one succeeded. This is very revealing.
Some critics might say that the US has a lot of money. That’s why they go there. But V.V. Putin and the company also have a lot of oil money. But for some reason, he maintains army units for other countries for our big oil money. How should I understand this? Now there is a wave of advertising about Putin and his concern for pensioners. Already their cost (of this very advertising) probably reaches the size of the pensions themselves.
Therefore, first of all, it is necessary for the whole world to demand from V.V. Putin to free the Russians from the pressure of the security forces and everyone to resign. And this whole peace process can be launched under the control of the UN, having made a decision (without options) only on a peaceful final outcome. To do this, appoint international controllers of this process. But V.V. Putin is a tyrant. He perfectly understands that the people are downtrodden. He also created it. For this, a system (foreign agents) has appeared to destroy any conceit. And he himself has antinational aspirations. He is preparing himself new obedient subjects - courtiers. And the worst thing is that such behavior of citizens is demonstrated even by the “color of the nation” - scientists (Figure 1). Having described my 50-year fate in science and the criminal attitude of the scientific elite to establishing order and legality, I first sent this text (Figure 1) to all my colleagues plant physiologists (at 500 addresses). Only seven of them answered (sympathized). I sent all this to the vice-presidents of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The result is silence.
But the Falsification of our Article in 2016 in the Central Russian Journal Plant Physiology is a Criminal Offense
But nobody does it. Even worse, when the IAT academician himself, having published his book in a regional publishing house in a small circulation (Kazan Publishing House “FEN”, 2001), resubmits the fourth chapter of this book, rewritten letter for letter, to the central publishing house (Moscow “Nauka”), as an independent book (increasing only the size of the font and images). And for this he receives the prestigious A.N. Bach. This is conspiracy and fraud, since both books have editor A.N. Grechkin (his former graduate student) and reviewers L.Kh. Gordon and L.P. Khokhlova. They didn’t know this. And nobody does it either. But my criticism of these facts, nevertheless, influenced their further fate. When forming a stand near the library of the Federal Research Center (FRC, Kazan) dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the IAT, these two monographs were no longer exhibited. There was almost nothing at all. One more fact. When, in the 1980s, the IAT stated in its annual report that they supposedly found in cotton a 500-fold stimulation of cellulose synthesis with an increase in glucose concentration, I declared at the Institute Scientific Council that this could not be so. This is probably a mistake, since according to the literature, the substrate sensitivity of enzymes in vivo to an increase in the concentration of the substrate is no more than 3-5 times. Nature does not require such stimulation. This fact also influenced the further fate of these results. In his article in “Reports of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR”, the stimulation effect was already reduced to the level of 200. Which, of course, cannot be either. However, all this once again proves the usefulness of criticism (and not only in science) and confirms the well-known thesis that criticism is the engine of progress.
In conclusion, I want to note that the presented discussion of the problem of terrestrial civilization is just the conclusions of a biochemist with 50 years of experimental work experience. And of course, there will be opponents who will refute everything. This is a very important and useful element - the discussion of scientific provisions. But they must be supported by evidence. For my part, I must remind you that all my scientific activity was based on the logic of scientific research. Each new experiment was created on the basis of the previous results of the experiments. And almost all my initial assumptions were eventually confirmed. As a result, the mechanism of endogenous regulation of this process was established (for the first time in 250 years since the discovery of the phenomenon of photosynthesis) (Chikov, et al. [3]), first at the leaf level, and then at the level of the whole plant. The proposed concept of regulation immediately explained all the experimental data that had not been understood before in the field of photosynthesis. On this basis, a mechanism was developed (and patented) for controlling the export of assimilates from the leaf to the consuming plant organs using the action of ammonia on the key extracellular enzyme invertase (Chikov, et al. [3-5]). And along with this, the occurrence of worldwide forest fires was explained and the way to effectively combat this phenomenon was indicated (see files) (Chikov [6-11]).
Conclusion
Recently, I came across a book by E. Aronson, T. Wilson and R. Eikert “Why a person behaves this way and not otherwise.” Unfortunately, I got it after writing this article, but I immediately understood about one more aspect of the differences between a Russian and a civilized person - A civilized person (especially a researcher), no matter what he does, always thinks how to understand everything and do it better and more understandable to others. The Russian (even the researcher) is looking for a way to make everyone believe in his idiotic idea. Even with the atomic bomb. And this is also a consequence of the paramilitary fate of Russia. As a result of all this, in the entire history of Russia (even despite the February, October, etc. revolutions) there are no examples of a peaceful change of power in Russia. Needless to say, this ruler does not leave because he has not yet had time to realize all his plans. The reason is usually something else. And everyone understands that the rulers do not care about their people, but are afraid of losing power and getting judged.
References
- Chikov VI, Akhtyamova GA (2018) Breeding, genetics and evolution of plants: connection with metabolism. Breeding, seed production and genetics 4(22): 13-19.
- Chikov VI (2020) Contradiction of Human Selection Activities to the Evolutionary Development of Ground Plants Will Lead to the Ecological Disaster. Current Investigations in Agriculture and Current Research 8(5): 000299.
- Chikov VI, GA Akhtyamova, SN Batasheva, AL Mikhailov, LA Khamidullina (2015) Effect of Silencing of the Apoplastic Invertase Gene on Photosynthesis in Tomato. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 62(1): 39-44.
- Chikov VI (2002) Means for increasing crop yields. Invention Patent 2(4): 462-466.
- Chikov VI, GA Akhtyamova, LA Khamidullina (2021) Ecological Significance of the Interaction of Photosynthesis Light and Dark Processes. American Journal of Plant Sciences 12(4): 624-634.
- Chikov VI, Akhtyamova GA, Batasheva SN (2018) Ecocatastrophe Caused by Artificial Fertilizers can and should be Prevented. Agricultural Research & Technology 15(5): 555967.
- Chikov VI (2020) Breaking the “Photosynthesis Problem” into Separate Light and Dark Units Leads to an Environmental Catastrophe and the Death of Earth’s Civilization. Open Access Journal of Environmental and Soil Sciences 5(5): 710-712.
- Chikov VI (2017) The participation of Apoplast Invertase in the Regulation of Photosynthesis by Stomatal Mechanism. Journal of Plant Sciences 5(5): 134-145.
- Chikov Vladimir (2017) Regulation of Physiological and Biochemical Processes in an Intact Plant Is Determined by Interaction of Flows of Substance Bulk Transfer. Journal of Plant Sciences 5(4): 110-119.
- Chikov VI, Abdrakhimov FA, Bakirova GG, Batasheva SN (2009) The role of sink-source relationships between different organs in regulation of photosynthesis and productivity. Acta Horticulturae 835: 87-98.
- Chikov VI (2002) The European Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization.
