Abstract

Background and Objective: Currently COVID-19 Pandemic is major disaster for all the world including 200 countries involved such as the USA, the UK, EU, India, Russia and China. The aim of this Article is to explore and highlight the use of Modern Medical Sciences in the treatment of COVID-19 and other Medical and Surgical diseases.

Methods: The Author of this article has randomly selected 15 Articles from PUBMED, Other Different Medical Sciences Journals with the word using “COVID-19 proposed Treatment, and Other Medical Diseases prevention and treatment as Modern Medical Sciences”. The Author relies on Conceptual Literature Review for the Methodology of this article. Where the groups of Articles are reviewed and analyzed to find out the answer of the Question “Study Favors COVID-19 proposed Treatment, and Other Medical Diseases prevention and treatment as Modern Medical Sciences is Beneficial for all of us”. The Table 1 is created to Analyze the 15 randomly selected Articles and the results has been presented By SPSS software diagrammatic presentation.

Results: Author of this Article has used SPSS 19 Software to present the results of the reviewed Articles. First SPSS Diagram shows that All selected 15 Articles favors the Importance of COVID-19 proposed Treatment, and Other Medical Diseases prevention and treatment as Modern Medical Sciences is Beneficial for all of us. The Second SPSS Diagram shows that 15 Articles agreed 100% for the Importance of COVID-19 proposed Treatment, and Other Medical Diseases prevention and treatment as Modern Medical Sciences is Beneficial for all of us.

Conclusion: Approximately 10 Million People are Infected with COVID-19 Corona virus and More than Half Million are Dead with current COVID-19 Pandemic till July 2020. Scientists are trying to manufacture COVID-19 Vaccine and Treatment as soon as possible to help the Mankind. In the current 21st century still people are dying with diseases without the treatment available as still we lack knowledge and research facilities to tackle the diseases. International health organizations for example WHO, UNICEF and UN should invest more on Medical research and pharmaceuticals to find the upcoming Epidemics or Pandemics and prepare their available Vaccines and Treatment. Without taking serious steps and proper design and management the Task for Medical research for disease Preventions could not be completed.

Keywords: Health care workers (HCW); Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction-RT-PCR; COVID-19 novel corona virus; Detection; RT-LAMP; SARS-CoV-2; ELISA Immunoassays; Lateral flow assays; Quarantine; Social distancing; Turkey; Antibodies; Glycans; Immunoglobulin M; Pneumonia; Prediction; Biliary tract carcinoma; Cholangiocarcinoma; Gallbladder carcinoma; Molecular genetics; Cellular therapy; Asthma; Diabetes mellitus; Invasion; Anti-viral responses; EMMPRIN

Introduction

Novel coronavirus disease-COVID-19 (Arefeh Basiri, Zahra Pazhouhnia, Nima Beheshtizadeh, Mahdieh H et al, 2020) has attracted much attention around the world due to its rapid transmission among humans and relatively high mortality rate. Regenerative medicine offers various cell-tissue therapeutics and related products such as stem cell therapy natural killer (NK) cell therapy, Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, exosomes, and tissue products. Interestingly mesenchymal stem cells-MSCs can reduce inflammatory symptoms and protect against cytokine storm which critically contributes to the COVID-19 progression. Notably having the potentials to exert cytotoxic effects on infected cells and induce interferon production probably make NK cells a candidate for COVID-19 cell therapy. Besides, exosomes are one of the crucial products of (Arefeh Basiri, Zahra Pazhouhnia, Nima Beheshtizadeh, Mahdieh H et al, 2020) cells that can exert therapeutic effects through the induction of immune responses and neutralizing antibody titers. As we all know that current [1]. Pandemic of COVID-19 novel corona virus is deadly and without vaccine and proven Treatment. More than quarter million people recently has died and more than four million people suffering from COVID-19 all over the world till May 2020.

World health organization has issued the warning in December 2019 for the Novel corona virus in Wuhan China. Governments of the countries including most developed countries such as the USA, the UK and EU Countries act slowly with ignoring the facts about COVID-19 severity. The lesson learned from the Pandemic COVID-19 is that our health systems and health agencies do not have abilities to save their citizens [1] and they have to work hard to improve their abilities to save their citizens lives (Figure 1). The expressive number of deaths (Henning Ulrich, Micheli Pillat, 2020) and confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 call for an urgent demand of effective and available drugs for COVID-19 treatment. CD147 a receptor on host cells is a novel route for SARS-CoV-2 invasion. Thus, drugs that interfere in the spike protein/CD147 interaction or CD147 expression may inhibit viral invasion and dissemination among other cells including in progenitor/stem cells. Studies suggest beneficial effects of azithromycin in reducing viral load of hospitalized patients possibly interfering with ligand/CD147 receptor interactions however its possible effects on SARS-CoV-2 invasion has not yet been evaluated. In addition to the possible effect in invasion, azithromycin decreases the expression of some metalloproteinases (downstream to CD147) induces anti-viral responses in primary human (Henning Ulrich, Micheli Pillat, 2020) bronchial epithelial infected with rhinovirus decreasing viral replication and release (Figure 2). The Author wants to show [2,3] the importance of the Public Health Intervention Preventions against the COVID-19 novel corona virus. The use of WHO methods of Preventions such as Isolation & Quarantine Using PPE, washing hands regularly, Cover the mouth during cough would help to control COVID-19 Pandemic.

According to the SPSS Diagrammatic presentation, the results of 15 randomly selected articles indicates that all 15 articles favor Public Health Preventions to reduce the COVID-19 Infection. Secondly, 10 articles agreed 100% on Public Health Preventions to reduce the COVID-19 Infection in the community and 5 articles shows lower percentages. The given Table 1 clearly gives the information and references of 15 randomly selected articles for the [3] study discussed here “Study favor or Ignores the Public Health Preventions to reduce the Infection in the Article” (Figure 3). The Main theme is to prove [4] the effectiveness and use of Convalescent Plasma therapy in successful prevention and treatment of COVID-19 novel corona Virus critical Patients in 2020 Global Pandemic. While there is no vaccine currently available for COVID-19 patients the treatment with Convalescent Plasma with other western medicines saves lives of hundreds of thousands of patients in COVID-19 Pandemic. There is need of more advance research and action to find out the Treatment of COVID-19 Pandemic. Global health including public health preventive medicine has failed the world in this current COVID-19 Pandemic when more than Quarter million people died all around the world and approximately 4.2 Million people suffered from this deadly [4] COVID-19 Pandemic.

The aim is to describe the [5] efforts made by current Medical Scientific and Pharmaceutical organizations to urgently prepare the Vaccine for COVID-19 Pandemic. Current news and announcements say that at the end of the year in December 2020 or later Vaccine for COVID-19 might be available for the public. Current Pandemic of COVID-19 [6] has taught all the Global Health authorities such as WHO, UN, UNESCO, UNICEF, UNHCR, EU Others and all Governments of 200 countries that we were not ready for COVID-19. Although Developed Countries such as USA, UK, France and countries of EU spends Billions of US Dollars on their Health System but it did not stop the Deaths of COVID-19 Pandemic in their countries and they are actually affected the most in this world. The reason is, there is no current Vaccine, proven Treatment for COVID-19 to this date and still research is going on to find the [6- 8] right Treatment or Vaccine for COVID-19. The main theme is to discuss [9] the Preventions training and control strategies against COVID-19 novel corona virus in China in initial first two months of Pandemic. When Chinese health authorities in Wuhan china found Novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in patients in health facilities they first treated them with (TCM) Traditional Chinese medicines with western medicines. In most of the cases they have found (TCM) Traditional Chinese medicines more effective than other medicines. The current positive statistics of Pandemics about China shows the complete control on COVID-19 with no spread and no Fatalities in May 2019. While the Pandemic of COVID-19 is on the rise (9) Ahsan Ali Siddiqui, 2020) all around the world specially in the USA, Europe and the UK (Figure 4).

The main objective is [10] to focus on Prevention and Control of COVID-19 novel corona virus. This article would also discuss the people with other illnesses are more Vulnerable to get COVID-19 Complications leading to severe conditions of Morbidity and later Mortality. Current Pandemic of COVID-19 has taught us that we in the twenty first century is not ready to provide health care to vulnerable community such as elders, children and sick people with chronic illness. Such vulnerable people with bad health and low socio-economic status are more prone to get effected by COVID-19 novel corona virus. Governments and health departments has to make useful health policies to [10] implement in deadlines with serious accountability to fight against any Epidemic or Pandemic. This Article teaches us [11] the lesson that Technology in Medical Sciences and Inventions Discovery of new Medicines and Surgical Instruments are Blessings for Mankind. Latest Technologies such as MRI Scans, CT Scans, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Nuclear Technology, X rays/ Ultrasound, Latest Laparoscopic surgery, Endoscopy, Angioplasty others are treating more ill patients than ever before. But more Medical research is needed to find the Treatment for COVID-19 Pandemic, Ebola, MERS, Avian Influenza, Swine Flu and other Viral diseases. Urgent research institutes needed to build up for the [11-20] discovery of new Vaccines when needed in times of COVID-19 Pandemic.

Methods

The Author of this article has randomly selected 15 Articles from PUBMED, Other Different Medical Sciences Journals with the word using “COVID-19 proposed Treatment, and Other Medical Diseases prevention and treatment as Modern Medical Sciences”. The Author relies on Conceptual Literature Review for the Methodology of this article. Where the groups of Articles are reviewed and analyzed to find out the answer of the Question “Study Favors COVID-19 proposed Treatment, and Other Medical Diseases prevention and treatment as Modern Medical Sciences is Beneficial for all of us”. The Table 1 is created to Analyze the 15 randomly selected Articles and the results has been presented By SPSS software diagrammatic presentation (Table 1).

I. Measure and statistical Analysis: (IBM (2006) IBM SPSS Software USA.) (Figures 5 & 6)

Author of this Article has used SPSS 19 Software to present the results of the reviewed Articles. First SPSS Diagram shows that All selected 15 Articles favors the Importance of COVID-19 proposed Treatment, and Other Medical Diseases prevention and treatment as Modern Medical Sciences is Beneficial for all of us. The Second SPSS Diagram shows that 15 Articles agreed 100% for the Importance of COVID-19 proposed Treatment, and Other Medical Diseases prevention and treatment as Modern Medical Sciences is Beneficial for all of us. Cancer chemotherapy causes [21] a lot of complications among them one is febrile neutropenia which leads to decrease in efficiency of treatment due to reduction in dosage of chemotherapy. Higher mortality rate has been demonstrated due to febrile neutropenia. The study was aimed to evaluate of febrile neutropenia in patients receiving chemotherapy and find out its association with hematological parameters. Our study showed that significant difference exists in some of the hematological parameters including hemoglobin levels, platelet count, total leukocyte count, neutrophil count, monocyte count and absolute neutrophil count in patient treat with different [21] chemotherapeutic drugs suffering from febrile neutropenia. After 1993 when TB was declared [22] a global emergency by the WHO Pakistan committed itself to a WHO guideline that of achieving 100 percent DOTS coverage by 2005. By doing so Pakistan is expecting a 50 percent reduction of mortality by TB. The roles and responsibilities of the four provinces and their governments regarding the TB control program were decided by the federal government of Pakistan and it provides 800 million rupees for the TB control program every year but still a lot of work is required before the prevalence of TB could be controlled in Pakistan. Realistically if we are looking at a significant reduction of TB prevalence in Pakistan, we have to look at another 20 years despite the target of reducing TB by at least 50 percent by the year 2010. TB is a deadly disease [22] and is a big challenge for the public health departments and for WHO (Figure 7).

The most suitable methodology [23] I find for my research question is ACTION RESEARCH which tells us the way to make new and good as well as fruitful policies to improve the health system in Pakistan & to reduce the incidence of T.B in adults in Karachi Pakistan. It is not easy for a developing country like Pakistan to increase its health budget/finance to increase in the number of medical staff, to open more rural health centers and to open more big hospitals, to increase the budget to buy more drugs for the patients of T.B and other diseases but it is not impossible because if all the nation work altogether to raise the economy of Pakistan than they will have enough of the money to improve the (23) Ahsan S, 2018) health department in Pakistan but it needs hard work and persistent efforts (Figure 8).

Discussion

I. Other Medical and Surgical Diseases Preventions and Treatments

This Article tells the dangers (Ahsan Ali S, 2018) and the harmful effects done by the Avian flu and how this deadly disease spread in the communities silently and the health departments comes to know about this disease when it done its work killing the innocent people, terrorize the whole community by its deadly results. This essay also points out the flaws in our health systems for example, are the health authorities is aware of the dangers of Avian flu are the health departments are serious about giving training to the members of health department to cope with this great threat of Avian flu, are they teaching local people how to cope with this danger? No, I don’t think that enough work is done to handle (Ahsan Ali S, 2018) this great threat of Avian flu.

The purpose was to evaluate (Jamali Z, Siddiqui A A, Jamali D, Nazim S, et al, 2018) the neonatal outcomes in early and delayed cord clamping and to find their correlation in early and delayed cord clamping with different hematological parameters in neonates of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. Total of 340 pregnant women were incorporated in this study and their neonates were divided into two groups on the basis of cord clamping time. Group 1 had clamping time of 45±7.92 seconds and group 2 with clamping time of 118±33.26 seconds. Hemoglobin was 13.29±1.33 mg/dl in group 1 and 13.43±1.06 in group 2.

Hematocrit was 40.87±3.78 % and 41.36±3.02% in group 1 and 2 respectively. Bilirubin (mg/dl) was 9.15±5.77 in group 1 while 13.14±10.14 in group 2. Anemia was present in 7.1% and 2.9% of infants in group 1 and respectively. Polycythemia (Jamali Z, Siddiqui A A, Jamali D, Nazim S, et al, 2018) was observed in 2.9% of infants of group 1 while 11.25% infants of group 2 presented with it. Leukemia has the highest mortalities (Amna MB, Siddiqui AA, Wajid Z, et al, 2018) of any malignancy. Out of all leukemias 15-20% are Chronic myeloid leukemia-CML. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia is malignancy of blood that arise from a molecular alteration in a solitary pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells resulting in continuous production of the myeloid progeny. The present study predicted that considerable difference did not exist in various hematological parameters of male and female CML patients. However, there was significant difference observed in myelocyte count of these patients on the basis of gender. Hemoglobin level (gm/dl) was 9.32±2.26 and 9.20 in males while in females was 9.94±9.53 and 8.45 (p=0.158) total leukocyte count (x103 cells/mm3) was 232.10±166.88 and 205.50 in males while 227.46±142.67 and 223.50 x103cells/mm3 in females (p=0.884) (Amna MB, Siddiqui AA, Wajid Z, et al, 2018) platelets (x103cells/ mm3) in males was 455.14±354 and 361.5 though in females was 484±261.60 and 481.50 (p=0.222) (Figure 9).

Cancer patients are (Reena Kumari, Ali Siddiqui A, Zubair T, Fatima S, et al, 2018) usually encountered by number of different issues one of them include electrolyte imbalance. Other causes of electrolyte imbalance include para neoplastic syndrome or those associated with chemotherapeutic regimes. Electrolyte derangement has been documented during cancer chemotherapy leading to the electrolyte imbalance. So, we conducted the study to evaluate the type and frequency of affected electrolytes. Our study demonstrates that electrolyte imbalances are common during chemotherapy and monitoring should be done (Reena Kumari, Ali Siddiqui A, Zubair T, Fatima S, et al, 2018) by medical oncologist so to avoid future morbidity and mortality. Febrile neutropenia’s one of the (Reena P, Ali J, Ahsan Ali S, Nasir M, et al, 2018) most prominent complication of cancer chemotherapy and leads to decreased efficacy of treatment due to reduction in dosage of chemotherapy. The mortality rate from febrile neutropenia remains on higher side. In patients having solid tumors the incidence of febrile neutropenia ranges from 10%-50% and is apparently ≥80% in patients having hematological malignancies [24-27].

This study was aimed to evaluate the frequency of febrile neutropenia between genders and find out its association with hematological parameters. Our study showed that among male and female cancer patients on chemotherapy more than half of males were found to have febrile neutropenia while fewer females had febrile neutropenia. There was (Reena P, Ali J, Ahsan Ali S, Nasir M, et al, 2018) no significant difference in occurrence of febrile neutropenia between two genders. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia- CML (Amna MB, Ahsan Ali S, Shahzain H, Mir A, et al, 2018) is hematopoietic malignancy arising from a molecular modification in single pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells that results in constant creation of the myeloid progeny. In 90% of cases CML is because of the presence of Philadelphia chromosome and uncommonly by Hyper diploidy of >50 chromosomes. The aim of this study was to identify the correlation of age with hematological parameters in patients admitted in medical oncology department. The present study predicted the median age of 40.29 years in patients suffering from chronic myeloid leukemia. Furthermore, no significant difference existed in hematological (Amna MB, Ahsan Ali S, Shahzain H, Mir A, et al, 2018) parameters and therefore no correlation observed with age in various hematological parameters in these patients.

A cross-sectional study was (Adnan A, Hafsa K, Ahsan AS, Summaiya I et al, 2018) conducted with 372 patients aged 18 or above with self-reported history of hypertension and on antihypertensive medication. It was a multicenter study performed in urban health center and Myanmar health center for duration of 6 months from June 2017 till November 2017. Hypertension associated signs and symptoms were evaluated with the help of a questionnaire and clinical examination. The prevalence of smoking, chest pain, vision problems, fatigue and confusion were found to be different between both genders. Furthermore, the (Adnan A, Hafsa K, Ahsan AS, Summaiya I et al, 2018) prevalence of smoking, headache, vertigo, chest pain, vision problems, dyspnea, increased urinary frequency, nausea, sleep apnea, irregular heartbeat/ palpitation, fatigue and confusion were found to be different between both age groups. Electrolyte imbalance is one (20) Reena Kumari, Ahsan Ali S, Khurram Zia MD, Zubair T, et al, 2018) of the multiple issues faced by cancer patients it can be associated with ongoing chemotherapy. When such electrolyte imbalances occur associated with malignancy, they can become life threatening and require emergency treatment modalities to prevent fatality.

The cancer patients are most prone to developing electrolyte abnormalities. This study aims to focus on changes in various electrolytes before and after chemotherapy in cancer patients and to establish a relationship between electrolytes with the duration of chemotherapy. This study predicted that there is difference in electrolyte levels before and after chemotherapy in cancer patients. Furthermore, no correlation was observed in various electrolytes with the duration of chemotherapy although the difference in electrolyte levels is not clinically significant (20) Reena Kumari, Ahsan Ali S, Khurram Zia MD, Zubair T, et al, 2018) and can be managed promptly in less time.

Conclusion

Approximately 10 Million People are Infected with COVID-19 Corona virus and More than Half Million are Dead with current COVID-19 Pandemic till July 2020. Scientists are trying to manufacture COVID-19 Vaccine and Treatment as soon as possible to help the Mankind. In the current 21st century still people are dying with diseases without the treatment available as still we lack knowledge and research facilities to tackle the diseases. International health organizations for example WHO, UNICEF and UN should invest more on Medical research and pharmaceuticals to find the upcoming Epidemics or Pandemics and prepare their available Vaccines and Treatment. Without taking serious steps and proper design and management the Task for Medical research for disease Preventions could not be completed.

References

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Abstract

Background and Objective: Currently COVID-19 Pandemic is major disaster for all the world including 200 countries involved such as the USA, the UK, EU, India, Russia and China. The aim of this Article is to explore and highlight the use of Modern Medical Sciences in the treatment of COVID-19 and other Medical and Surgical diseases.

Methods: The Author of this article has randomly selected 15 Articles from PUBMED, Other Different Medical Sciences Journals with the word using “COVID-19 proposed Treatment, and Other Medical Diseases prevention and treatment as Modern Medical Sciences”. The Author relies on Conceptual Literature Review for the Methodology of this article. Where the groups of Articles are reviewed and analyzed to find out the answer of the Question “Study Favors COVID-19 proposed Treatment, and Other Medical Diseases prevention and treatment as Modern Medical Sciences is Beneficial for all of us”. The Table 1 is created to Analyze the 15 randomly selected Articles and the results has been presented By SPSS software diagrammatic presentation.

Results: Author of this Article has used SPSS 19 Software to present the results of the reviewed Articles. First SPSS Diagram shows that All selected 15 Articles favors the Importance of COVID-19 proposed Treatment, and Other Medical Diseases prevention and treatment as Modern Medical Sciences is Beneficial for all of us. The Second SPSS Diagram shows that 15 Articles agreed 100% for the Importance of COVID-19 proposed Treatment, and Other Medical Diseases prevention and treatment as Modern Medical Sciences is Beneficial for all of us.

Conclusion: Approximately 10 Million People are Infected with COVID-19 Corona virus and More than Half Million are Dead with current COVID-19 Pandemic till July 2020. Scientists are trying to manufacture COVID-19 Vaccine and Treatment as soon as possible to help the Mankind. In the current 21st century still people are dying with diseases without the treatment available as still we lack knowledge and research facilities to tackle the diseases. International health organizations for example WHO, UNICEF and UN should invest more on Medical research and pharmaceuticals to find the upcoming Epidemics or Pandemics and prepare their available Vaccines and Treatment. Without taking serious steps and proper design and management the Task for Medical research for disease Preventions could not be completed.

Keywords: Health care workers (HCW); Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction-RT-PCR; COVID-19 novel corona virus; Detection; RT-LAMP; SARS-CoV-2; ELISA Immunoassays; Lateral flow assays; Quarantine; Social distancing; Turkey; Antibodies; Glycans; Immunoglobulin M; Pneumonia; Prediction; Biliary tract carcinoma; Cholangiocarcinoma; Gallbladder carcinoma; Molecular genetics; Cellular therapy; Asthma; Diabetes mellitus; Invasion; Anti-viral responses; EMMPRIN