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Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research

September, 2019, Volume 22, 3, pp 16692-16694

Case Report

Case Report

Type 3 Ascending Aortic Dissection with Type 1 Dissection Which Disappeared Spontaneously in Three Days

Mohammad Alsalaldeh* and Bigin Emrecan

Author Affiliations

Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Pamukkale University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Turkey

Received: October 24, 2019 | Published: November 01, 2019

Corresponding author: Mohammad Alsalaldeh, Pamukkale University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Surgery Department Turkey

DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2019.22.003755

Abstract

Aortic dissection may happen spontaneously, traumatic or iatrogenically. In our case the patient presented to emergency room (ER) with cheif complain of chest and back pain. Coronary angiography and CT-Scan were done and showed type 3 aortic dissection, extended retrogradely to the aortic root and associated with type 1 iatrogenic dissection. Patient refused operation. After three days, control CT-Scan was showed a full resolution of type 1 dissection and the intramural maematoma. Type 3 dissection was treated laterly by TEVAR.

Keywords: Aortic Dissection; Iatrogenic; Mural thrombus; Disappear Spontaneously

Case Report

A 60 years old female patient, known to have essential hypertension and bronchial asthma with a family history of coronary artery disease, presented to ER complaining of chest and back pain associated with left arm numbness. İnvestigations were done and showed a non aneurysmatic dilatation of ascending aorta with no signs of any possible dissection. After five months, the patient developed same complain, to rule out any acute coronary event an angiography was done and coronary arteries were found to be clean, the aortothoracic CT-Scan showed type 3 dissection extended from left subclavian artery to right common iliac artery and retrogradely to coronary orfice associated with ascending aortic type 1 dissection with intramural haematoma mostly occured iatrogenically during angiogram (Figure 1).

Figure 1.

At the beginning we thought of type one aortic dissection and an urgent operation was planned, but the patient refused operation, so she was kept in our ICU for closed observation and antihypertensive medical treatment. On the third day of the event, control CT-Scan was repeated and showed no sign of type one dissection and the intramural haematoma had been disappeared completely (Figure 2), so we claim that there was a combined aortic dissection of type three and type one which created iatrojenically in the catheter lab. After two days, the patient was treated for type 3 aortic dissection by thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR). Control investigations were done and showed no leak or any other possible complication. On the 8. day of the operation, patient was discharged on medical treatment. She was observed as out patient in our clinic. About two months later, the patient presented to our clinic as an outpatient for routine control, an aortothoracic CT-Scan was repeated again and showed full recovery of type one aortic dissection and EVAR stent was in good position with no signs of any leakage (Figure 3).

Figure 2: Control aortothoracic CT-Scan after three days which showed a full resoluation of type 1 aortic dissection.

Figure 3: Post EVAR control CT-Scan with full resolution of intramural haematoma.

Discussion

Aortic dissection is a case of aortic wall layer seperation with high mortality and morbidity. About 1 to 3% of all autopsies showed evidence of aortic dissection. In general population, the age of 50- 65 showed a peak of the incidence of dissection while patients with connective tissue disorders are at high risk of dissection at the age of 20 to 40. 20% of the patients with aortic dissection die befor reaching the hospital while 1-3% of remain patients die without treatment in the fisrt 24 hours, 30% of them in the first week and about 80% in the first two weeks and 90% die in the first year [2].

Management of acute aortic dissection is done surgically by resection the segment containing intimal tear and replaced by a dacron graft mainly in DeBakey type 1 and type 2 while type 3 is usually treated medically unless there is any clinical or radiological evidence of impending rupture, propagation of the dissection, persistant pain, bleeding into pleural cavity or development of saccular aneurysm [3]. TEVAR nowadays is on of the best choices of type 3 dissection management [4]. In our case, the patient developed both type1 and type 3 aortic dissection and was advised to be operated for type 1 urgently but the patient refused operation, so kept in our intensive care unit for observation and medical treatmet. After three days of the event, the control CT-Scan of the aorta showed no intramural haematoma in ascending aorta.

Intramural haematoma may undergo progression by time or stay stable all the time. Studies about the time of the resolution of ıntrmural haematomas are still limited. Complete resolution of the haematoma may be occur early and at least after one monthe of the event [5]. The interesting side in our case is the time of the resolution of the intramural haematoma which occured on the third day of the onset of the dissection. Our aim of the treatment in the first stage was to treat type1 dissection surgically as soon as possible, but because the patient refused surgery we had to wait and observe. The control CT-Scan had changed our plan and our new goal became the management of type 3 dissection by EVAR. In general type 1 and complicated type 3 aortic dissection require surgical management, but in our case, type on dissection disapeared sopntaneously and type 3 still in same situation, hasta had not developped any persistant pain or any other complication such as ischemic complication, according to our experience in such cases and litertaure researches we descided to do EVAR to our patient before discharge. Our aim was to preserve our patient from late possible aortic dissection complications which presents in high rate as high as 20-50 % in the following three to five years [6]. EVAR was done successfully on the fifth day of the event.

On the 8th day of EVAR patient was discharged, she was followed up as an outpatient. Later on, control CT-Scan reapeated and showed no progression. Clinically patient has no pain or any complain. In our case the patient had both type 1 and type 3 aortic dissection. Type 1 dissection with intramural haematoma was disappeared after 3 days of the event. Its interesting for type 1 aortic dissection to disappeaer during so short period of time as 3 days. We reviewed literatures for similar cases but there were no cases of aortic dissection disappearance in three days as we had in our case.

References

Case Report

Type 3 Ascending Aortic Dissection with Type 1 Dissection Which Disappeared Spontaneously in Three Days

Mohammad Alsalaldeh* and Bigin Emrecan

Author Affiliations

Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Pamukkale University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Turkey

Received: October 24, 2019 | Published: November 01, 2019

Corresponding author: Mohammad Alsalaldeh, Pamukkale University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Surgery Department Turkey

DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2019.22.003755

Abstract

Aortic dissection may happen spontaneously, traumatic or iatrogenically. In our case the patient presented to emergency room (ER) with cheif complain of chest and back pain. Coronary angiography and CT-Scan were done and showed type 3 aortic dissection, extended retrogradely to the aortic root and associated with type 1 iatrogenic dissection. Patient refused operation. After three days, control CT-Scan was showed a full resolution of type 1 dissection and the intramural maematoma. Type 3 dissection was treated laterly by TEVAR.

Keywords: Aortic Dissection; Iatrogenic; Mural thrombus; Disappear Spontaneously