Epidemic in Medieval, The Case, Ibn Khaldun, Theory of Wet Lung Infection

Epidemic in Medieval, the Case, Ibn Khaldun, Theory of Wet Lung Infection.


Medieval Tunisia Epidemic Research Center
The death. These events were observed and reported by several historians during thirteenth to sixteenth centuries AD. Between these reporters, only one has made a meaningful connection between epidemic population in sociological and anthropological perspectives, and his research has been paradigmatic in explaining cause of epidemic and understanding epidemics [4] Islamic medicine in this period was superior to the medicine of the Jewish and Christian communities [5]. According to Oriental studies in North Africa, Hafsian government is period of development and transfer of Islamic medicine to Europe [6].

Distribution and Nature of Diseases in Mediterranean Societies by Lyon from Ifriqyah
One of the most important historical accounts in history of medicine is description of common diseases in Islamic West and cities around Mediterranean by Leon Constantine of Ifriqyah. He is geographical feature of spread of disease in Mediterranean coast from tenth to thirteenth century AD. And his work have international importance in understanding epidemic of diseases in Islamic and Christian Mediterranean [7]. In his definition, air is food of animal soul, and when air becomes corrupt, this corruption affects human temperament, which is essence of animal soul, and because air is high, disease penetrates lungs. And because of that, fever spreads to organs of body and man dies as a result of this disease [12].

Achievements of Islamic Civilization
Peripheral Cycle of Infection: According to Ibn Khaldo, main cause of infection, stagnation of air and lack of flow is due to increasing urbanization and its pervasiveness during heyday of governments, while naturally one of natural necessities of urbanization is that air should be right size to flow in city due to large open and empty spaces and waste regions interspersed between civilized areas [13].

Supernatural Causes of Epidemic, Effected Lung by Disease:
Several metaphysical causes have been cited for epidemic, only three of which are noteworthy, one of which is cosmic impact on terrestrial events related to astronomy. The second is referred to as Jinn bite in Arabic texts of Hafsids period And third , punishment of sins and evil result of man's own actions [14].

Discussion and Results
In search of natural causes of epidemic, A review of reports on history of medicine in Mediterranean reveals two different perspectives on origin of epidemic. Islamic medicine is a pioneer in separating medicine from religion and metaphysical issues and has for first time spoken of microscopic causes that are beyond human sight and cause spread of disease and epidemics. The view of Islamic civilization on impact of stars and universe on production of epidemics has been prohibited from such research for several centuries because little information about it is useful, no result is desirable and efficient for people, and a lot of information cannot be obtained. In universe, there is no practical , theoretical ,scientific result that can be proposed in academic circles, and linking epidemic to jinn and advising exorcism in Islamic civilization is forbidden because jinn are normally at peace with human societies and they has nothing to do with human affairs. And attributing an epidemic to divine torment is beyond reach of human knowledge. Therefore, according to many documents of Islamic civilization from third century AH, he turned to experimental and clinical medicine and experience and observation about the causes of epidemic and how to deal with it. It was observed that Ibn Khaldun is a clear example of experimental attempt of Islamic civilization to scientifically understand epidemic by analyzing human behavior ,society ,state with animal water, food , environment.