The Role of Information Management in the Process of Digital Health Confrontation with Covid-19

In critical situations, the capacity of human thinking decreases, and lack of time aggravates the severity of the crisis. In such a situation, providing quality information is a hard task that would never accomplish undoubtedly without the help of information and communication technology. This study aims at reviewing how to prevent infodemic using information management and digital health. To achieve this goal, the reports and suggestions of international organizations such as the World Health Organization, UNICEF, as well as the experiences of some countries in managing covid-19 were studied. There is a framework that includes a five-step process for managing infodemic, which includes: identifying evidence, translating knowledge and science, amplifying action, quantifying impact, and coordination and governance. UNESCO, in particular, has tackled the spread of false information through the provision of Open Education Resources, networks of fact- checkers, and the provision of media and information literacy resources. It has also used digital technologies such as artificial intelligence to combat the existing pandemic in response to the crisis. Meanwhile, Countries have behaved differently in terms of controlling infodemic. Gathering reliable information and identifying fake news, monitoring the activity and content of social media, educating people on how to use social media and avoiding spreading rumors, false information, and news, creating a system of collecting data from people, and distributing reliable information from the government (which is considered as a system of data exchange and reliable information) are among the important measures taken by the governments of successful countries in managing the crisis of Covid-19.

pandemic diseases such as MERS and COVID-19, COVID-19. The infodemic, introduced by the United Nations and the World Health Organization on March 31, 2020, following the SARS Cov-2 crisis, has cast a frightening shadow over human society [3,4]. Infodemic is literally a portmanteau. In fact, it consists of the words information and epidemic and means the universal spread of true and false information about any phenomenon, including disease. In this case, rumor and fear are intertwined so inextricably that complicate learning a subject. This concept itself includes two concepts, namely misinformation, and disinformation. Misinformation is false information about a subject, regardless of its being intentional or unintentional. Moreover, disinformation refers to misleading or false information that is deliberately provided to deceive the audience. Historically, the term has been coined and used by some countries' security agencies to deliberately diffuse misleading information about the military, which is sometimes propounded to boost military power [5,6].
The bitter and costly experience of coexistence with viral diseases has clarified it for human society that in order to ensure its national security it needs to equip and rehabilitate health care professionals more than equip and reorganize its military [7].
In addition, the utilization of information and communication technology provides considerable preparation for the management of future pandemic-viral diseases due to the nature of pandemicviral diseases that can be managed by observing the principle of physical distance. On the other hand, the nature of information and communication technology is such that makes it possible to track patients and provide remote health care services to people at risk [8]. Noteworthy to mention is that digital health can not only facilitate the management strategy and response to pandemic diseases, but also can curb and manage the annoying phenomenon of infodemic, which severely increases the conditions caused by the outbreak of Covid-19 based on educational and informational application [9,10]. The application of digital health (which is actually e-health with a greater focus on health) can facilitate the management strategy and response to pandemic diseases. This perspective provides a framework for the use of digital technologies in the management and response to pandemics. It also presents the methods that successful countries in using digital technologies have adopted and implemented for the planning and management of pandemic diseases, including surveillance, screening, triage, diagnosis, monitoring, contact tracing, and health care [11].

The Necessity for Information Management in a Pandemic Crisis
In October 2020, The British Academy and the Royal Society both made an announcement about the infodemic phenomenon that the Governments and other relevant actors need to reach out to key communities to understand their concerns and information needs, and it is best to provide advice and messages that can help these communities identify their audiences. Through this process, communities of any kind, whether religious, professional or etc., can reinforce appropriate public health messages in a way that is user-friendly leading to correct changes in behavior.
Active contacts and dialogues should be established with private sector employers, telecommunications companies, the food and agriculture sector, religious or humanitarian charities, medical and health professional associations, and the media. Community