"Use of Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITN) Against Diseases Vectors and Sucking Blood Arthropods"

Sucking arthropods have been considered as important vectors of diseases to human and some of them take blood from human and are nuisance...


Introduction
. Vector-borne diseases are illnesses caused by pathogens and parasites in human populations. Every year more than one billion people are infected, and more than one million people die from vector-borne diseases including malaria, dengue, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, yellow fever, lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis. For many vector-borne diseases, there are no vaccines, and drug resistance is an increasing threat. Vector control plays a vital role and is often the only way to prevent disease outbreaks. Many existing interventions, such as insecticide treated bed nets and indoor spraying, are simple and proven. Insecticide-treated bed nets are one of the most. WHO therefore recommends that everyone who is at risk of malaria sleeps under a long-lasting insecticidal net every night?
International donors funded over 700 million bed nets to protect families against malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Nets should be checked regularly for holes and replaced every 2-3 years ( Figure   1). The use of insecticide in impregnation of bed nets against

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Sucking arthropods have been considered as important vectors of diseases to human and some of them take blood from human and are nuisance. The main important disease are: Chikungunya, Dengue, Lymphatic filariasis, Rift Valley fever, Yellow Fever, Zika, Lymphatic filariasis, Malaria, Japanese encephalitis, Lymphatic filariasis, West Nile fever, Schistosomiasis (bilharziasis), onchocerciasis (river blindness), Plague, Tungiasis, Typhus, Louse-borne relapsing fever, Leishmaniasis, Sandfly fever (phlebotomus fever), Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, Lyme disease, Relapsing fever (borreliosis), Rickettsial diseases (eg: spotted fever and Q fever), Tick-borne encephalitis, Tularaemia, Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), Sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis). WHO recommended several measures and different insecticides for vector control including indoor residual spraying, larviciding, flogging, and using insecticide treated nets? Pyrethroid insecticides are recommended for impregnation of nets. Impregnated bed nets are being used for peoples who are at risk of diseases such as pregnant women and children. There are different types and colors of bed nets in the world. Appropriate usage of impregnate bed nets needs some information in the usage areas.
sucking arthropods is due to these creatures are attracted to contact occupied nets by the odor of the occupants. This equipment is being used as personal protection for high-risk groups. If 80% of the entire population is coverage, it has mass killing effect. At the total coverage, ITN effect on the vector density and survival.

Advantages of Mosquito Nets
Low cost, lack of need for special equipment, fewer organization and logistical problems, less insecticide needed, compatibility with local customs, suppressed on the population nuisance insects, protection against cold, dust and snake.

Disadvantages Mosquito Nets
Several factors are involved including: culture, community acceptance due to the lack of awareness, sustainability, allergic effect, Feasibility, accessibility, misuse, not compatible with vector behavior, less coverage, program of distribution, ventilation problem, house design, restrictions of the community movement, -side effect on the pregnant women and child, -shape and design of net, re-impregnation, difficult to evaluate the impact of net.

Efficacy of Impregnated Bed Nets Depend on
Bed net types (Type of bednets can be determined through KAP study), Fabrics (cotton, nylon, polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene ( Figure 2). World Health Organization recommended several insecticides for impregnation of bednets (Table 2).

Basic Information for Evaluation of Efficacy of Impregnated Bed Nets are
Ventilation, insecticide, vector susceptibility to insecticides, efficacy of insecticides, availability of insecticides, cost of insecticide, demographic data, population estimates, target groups (children, pregnant women), socioeconomic data, sleeping pattern (outside, inside), current use of nets, cultural attitudes, colors, sizes, vector bionomics, exophilicity and endophilicity, vectorial capacity, vector density, feeding pattern, species, zoophiloicity and anthropophilicity.

Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate
There is not applicable.