A Study of the Level of Special Knowledge of Rural Women Small Productive Projects and the Most Important Activities Provided by the Social Fund in Yemen

This study aims to identify the level of knowledge of rural women in small productive projects and the most important activities provided by the Social Fund in Yemen, and determine the relationship between the cognitive level and some independent variables studied, with the contribution of each of these independent variables morally related to the cognitive level This variable, as well as identify the most important problems facing the beneficiaries of the Social Fund loans in Yemen and their proposals to resolve. This research was conducted in Sana’a Governorate and four districts were selected: Bani Matar, Bani Hashish, Jahana and Al Hima. A random sample of 154 women was selected, representing 5% of all rural women in the four departments. The study data were collected from the middle of March 2018 to May 2018 by means of the interview by questionnaire form after being tested in principle. The statistical analysis was used: the arithmetic mean, the periodic width of the frequencies and percentages, the simple correlation coefficient of Pearson, and the incremental correlation and regression model. The Main Results of the Study Can Be Summarized as Follows The results showed that the percentage of the contribution of the independent variables studied together in the interpretation of the total variance of the level of knowledge of the subjects with the information items of the small productive projects and the main activities provided by the Social Fund was 99.4%, of which 70.1% % a The degree of trend towards small enterprises, 10.2% to informal social participation, and 1.2% to the degree of exposure to sources of information and the mass media. The results of the study also showed that there are problems facing the beneficiaries of the social fund loans in Yemen. The most important of these problems are the lack of training programs suitable for the nature of the project, the inability to pay the loan on time, the inability to market or export the product, The respondents also referred to some proposals to overcome such problems, the most important of which is the provision of a database on investment projects, shortening the procedures for disbursing the loan, providing means of transport through cooperative marketing associations and holding training courses for borrowers during their projects.


The Main Results of the Study Can Be Summarized as Follows
37.7% of rural women are in the category of low knowledge, 37.7% of them are in the category of medium knowledge and 25.3% of them are in the category of high knowledge. and the overall average degree of rural women's knowledge was 1.10 degrees by 54. 86 The results showed that the percentage of the contribution of the independent variables studied together in the interpretation of the total variance of the level of knowledge of the subjects with the information items of the small productive projects and the main activities provided by the Social Fund was 99.4%, of which 70.1% % a The degree of trend towards small enterprises, 10.2% to informal social participation, and 1.2% to the degree of exposure to sources of information and the mass media. The results of the study also showed that there are problems facing the beneficiaries of the social fund loans in Yemen. The most important of these problems are the lack of training programs suitable for the nature of the project, the inability to pay the loan on time, the inability to market or export the product, The respondents also referred to some proposals to overcome such problems, the most important of which is the provision of a database on investment projects, shortening the procedures for disbursing the loan, providing means of transport through cooperative marketing associations and holding training courses for borrowers during their projects.

Introduction and Research Problem
Development is an essential, imperative, and national requirement for all countries of the third world, and it is characterized by a general and continuous nature, that is, once it ends at a certain level until it begins again from where it ended and with tools and means dominated by the characteristic of modernization and renewal to suit the dynamic reality of the permanent community, and aims to advance the economic level The social, health, educational and cultural through the optimal utilization of all human and material resources and multi-pronged development. Improving income levels and increasing productivity require changes in the economic and social structure and a change in the value frameworks of the population and must be comprehensive in order for them to be sustainable [1].
Given the importance of the agricultural sector in rural areas as one of the most important sectors able to provide new job opportunities for the rural community by exploiting the available natural resources, by setting up small agricultural projects in the field of inputs and requirements for agricultural, animal and craft operations and the circulation, marketing and manufacture of their outputs, the Yemeni state and the fund have adopted Social Development Group has a set of development programs to solve these problems, especially in the Yemeni countryside, which contains many small productive projects and development activities that work on comprehensive development, with what they achieve of great benefits represented in: increasing the income of the majority of the population, improving their standard of living, and increasing job opportunities, Participation of rural residents in various projects, and the implementation of these projects through cooperatives as well as commercial and specialized banks such as the Al-Amal Microfinance Bank and the National Microfinance Foundation and other banks for microfinance. The projects under implementation in most of the governorates of the Republic of Yemen were covered [2].
Cognitive changes play an important role in the success of development projects in achieving their economic and social goals, as modifying the individual's cognitive framework has an important role in his participation in various development activities [3]with the consequent increase in their incomes and thus raising the level of their family living. To achieve the goals of rural development, many bodies and organizations have been established in many Arab countries that contribute to achieving these goals and then the development of the rural community [4]. Agricultural extension is considered one of the most important organizations that work to advance the countryside through many roles that it performs, either individually or collectively, and is to: take advantage of all the opportunities, resources and natural and human capabilities, education and awareness of rural people, develop their capabilities, improve their skills, and change their attitudes so that they can benefit Full of technology developed, which contributes to raising the living standards of these individuals.
Qualified and trained human resources are the critical element in the development issue, as development experiences have proven that building modern societies depends primarily on the level and quality of their human resources, and that the success of development efforts depends on the active participation of all human energies, both men and women, in these efforts. And rural women have a prominent role in agricultural production, through the practice of actual work or their contribution to opinion in agricultural investment methods and means, and the participation of men in agricultural decisions in the family, which would increase the family's income and raise the standard of living. The World Food Conference makes clear that 50% of women in developing countries contribute to food production, but that food work is usually not taken into account for being unpaid work [5]. This is what motivated those responsible for thinking about establishing the Social Fund for Development, and one of the first tasks of the job was training and rehabilitation for rural women through work and organizing extension and development programs for productive families and focusing on women and girls from poor families in need through training courses in different areas and helping them to help themselves And providing them with job opportunities.
The Social Fund for Development is one of the pillars that depend on it in achieving rural development through its methods, means and mechanisms in all aspects of rural life, among which is the concern for rural women through what it provides to them with loans and training that may be reflected in changing knowledge, practices and attitudes they have through presenting projects Small income-generating that leads to the integration of rural women in society, which makes them feel entity and themselves in that they achieve additional income that helps the family and thus enables them to participate and effectively in family decisions and social upbringing of family members and the formation of a healthy generation capable of bearing the burdens. By analyzing the vision and strategy, the financing tasks and activities undertaken by the Social Fund for Development in this field, especially in rural activities related to food and small-scale crafts industries and loans to rural women in this regard, it was noted in general that there is no clear vision or specific strategy for this matter, especially towards rural women. In order to be able to meet its educational and training needs in this vital field.

Research Objective
Based on the research problem mentioned above, its objectives can be determined as follows:a.
Knowing the prevailing knowledge of rural women related to small productive projects and the most important activities The Degree of the Respondents' Opinion regarding educational and social effects that can occur as a result of applying small productive projects: In this study, the opinion of the respondents is understood to be approvals, rhetoric, or nonapprovals of sixteen terms that represent the set of educational as well as social returns that can occur As a result of applying small production projects.

The Extent to Which Educational and Social returns have
been achieved for small productive projects from the point of view of rural women: this study refers to the responses of the respondents, which ranged between complete verification, partial verification, or lack of verification about sixteen terms that revolve around both social and educational returns for small productive projects, according to Self-assessment of the respondents.

Research Hypotheses Theoretical Assumptions:
A.
There is a significant relationship between the degree of the female respondents' knowledge of the information items for small productive projects and the most important activities

Statistical Assumptions
A.
There is no significant relationship between the degree of the female respondents' knowledge of the information items for small productive projects and the most important activities

Results and Discussion
The     It was found that 24.2% of the information items on small

The Most Important Problems Facing
The most important problems facing female respondents who benefit from loans from the Social Fund for Development and their proposals to solve them: The results of the study also showed the existence of problems facing female researchers in the field of small productive projects. The most important of these problems was the scarcity of training programs appropriate to the nature of the project (86.4%), the weak ability to pay the loan amount in the specified dates (79.2%), the inability to market or export the product (77.9%), lack of marketing experience for the beneficiaries (72.7%), as shown in Table 6. The respondents also pointed to some proposals to overcome such problems, the most important of which is providing a database on investment projects, reducing procedures for disbursing the loan, providing transportation through cooperative marketing societies, and holding training courses for borrowers during their projects as shown in Table 7. Note: Source: field study data Table 7: Suggestions for solving problems from the respondents' point of view In the field of small productive projects and the most important activities provided by the Social Fund for Development.