An Overview of Welfare vs Environmental Impairment: A Sociological Appraisal

In recent decades, sociology has widely been engaged appraising welfare toward environment. As the material goods are ever increasing, in this process, a good lot of environment has lost importance and value. In the mentioned process demands for material and non-material goods are ever increasing at the cost of impairing environment. Air pollution, high density of population in urban areas, shortage of water, increasing vehicles, shortage of original food products and the like are known to be some of the results of such a transition. The imbalance created between welfare and environment has a dire future. Growing industries and technologies has even affected the neuro-system of many people in current age. The increasing urbanization happening within the developing nations, changes the intellectual frameworks, way of life and well-being of individuals and immigrants. Such a process leads to unplanned and non-standard settlements, known as marginalized areas in the Third World. Therefore, sociologists must always consider this process, and seek and present the necessary solutions. Environmental disaster today affects a significant proportion of developing countries. Impairment: Appraisal.


Introduction
Welfare as a type of government support is supposed to ensure that the members of a society should be able to meet their basic human needs including food and shelter Encyclopedia Britannica [1]. Welfare usually includes social insurance, pension systems and the like David [2]. The first welfare state was introduced by Bismarck in Germany in 1889. It was a point of reference for other countries in the Western world. On the other hand, environmental impairment is used to indicate the direct physical, chemical and biological factors impacting a person WHO [3]. Environmental exposures have been estimated to lead to 4.9 million deaths (8.7% of all deaths), and 86 million (5.7%) of disability-adjusted life years at global level Press-Ustinov A, et al. [4]. However, environmental impairment causes the degradation of the environment through the depletion of resources including air, water, and soil. Such a situation is observed in a great number of countries in the developing world. In addition, such an impairment includes destruction of ecosystems, habitats, wildlife extinction and many more. However, by 2050, when the world population will have surpassed 10 billion, there will be further major welfare problems, especially of water and food kinds with special reference to less developed countries WPDS [5].
Environmental degradation involves the degradation of the environment through the depletion of resources such as air, water, and soil. Developing countries today face a continuing decline in their environment. Polluted air, depletion of water resources, and soil degradation for agricultural activities are common in developing countries. This in itself has reduced the utilization of various resources in such countries. Also, environmental degradation has included the destruction of ecosystems, habitats, wildlife extinction and many cases of pollution. Therefore, these countries should always put the improvement of their environment on the planning agenda, otherwise the overall efficiency of society will be jeopardized. Population itself has a great impact on how the environment. Access to advanced technologies, growing factories and industries, increasing the number of vehicles and other related technologies themselves affect the quality of the environment in various ways. Hence, developing countries face this scenario to a large extent.

Method of Research
Methodology used in the present article is of qualitative type.
In that, various paradigms have been used to find out about the facts regarding pandemics during the history. Qualitative research usually studies people, events, or areas in their natural settings.
In finding facts for the research, the researcher engaged in careful data collection and thoughtful analysis of what was relevant. In the documentary research applied for the present research, printed and written materials were widely regarded. The research was performed as a qualitative library-type in which the researcher had to refer to the relevant and related sources. In the current research, various documents were thoroughly investigated, and the needful inferences were made. The data fed by the investigator in the present article is hopefully reliable. Though literature on pandemics is very limited, yet the author tried to investigate many different resources in order to elicit the necessary information to build up the text.

Urbanization Flow
Research on urbanization flows is mainly focused on urban areas, especially in temperate areas of relatively rich countries Gao [6]. The phenomenon of urbanization started mainly from industrialized countries and followed the process of industrialization. In this movement, a significant share of the rural population turned to cities in pursuit of industrial activities. This movement within developing countries has been largely unbalanced and has left its own challenges and weaknesses. Most of the effects of urbanization are on developing communities, which are experiencing high population growth. This is why the greatest environmental degradation can be seen today in developing countries; That is, places that face both a natural increase in population (offspring) and a large number of immigrants. Hence, urbanization in developing countries must always be reconsidered. That is, the process that requires the investment of unplanned and non-standard settlements, known as marginalized areas in the Third World, is generally common in developing societies. As large numbers of people flock to urban areas uncontrollably and unrestrainedly, marginalization and non-standard places increase, a phenomenon that is itself the source of many deviations in a given society. Sociologists, therefore, must always consider this process, and seek and present the necessary solutions. Such settlements in low-income, low-income economies generally do not have access to safe water and sanitation. Because the rate of building the necessary infrastructure is lower than urban development Corcoran [9]. The

Urban Environmental Degradation
Many researchers believe that in the context of economic development, environmental degradation first appears, and then Beckerman, et a l. [11,12], and as a result a significant portion of the population is prevented from achieving the development that has taken place. It has become a failure and a lot of social and environmental damage. For example, urban sprawl has led to environmental degradation, transportation challenges, and many other harms. Cities themselves are absorbing more than two-thirds of the total population growth. Such a situation is widespread in the developing world. The constant migration of villagers to cities, especially in developing countries, has created such a phenomenon; That is, what acts as an anti-development factor. Today, such a situation is emerging in a pervasive and destructive form on the continent of Africa and its urban areas. Asian countries have been facing this phenomenon for years. China, for example, has grown its urban population by about 20 percent over the past two decades as its industrial development; It is a phenomenon that has threatened and destroyed the environment in various ways.
Many of the city's water resources, rivers and natural spaces have been unbearably degraded and polluted. This trend is current and probable for many other Asian countries. Under such circumstances, about 1.9 billion people occupied the urban areas of these countries until 2000. This trend has continued extensively since that year. This move has caused the world's population, including the developing world, to be more urban than rural. In addition to the environmental effects, this situation has led to a shortage of agricultural products and foodstuffs; That is, a phenomenon that has upset the balance of food supply and demand, in contrast to rising prices and economic inflation. The environment and the like should always have more control over the flow of such rivers. In addition to the pollution of these waters, the excessive use of motor vehicles has an effective role in polluting the environment. In a state of poor welfare, the people of Delhi are constantly and regularly facing water shortages. Also, the people of this city have to use the untreated water of Yamuna or Jamna river McMichael [13]. Existence of large population in such cities causes the emergence of this phenomenon. In such a situation, governments and the health system should exercise more control over the use of water resources and provide water-subsidized assistance to the population on an ongoing basis as needed.

Urbanization and Development
Most developing countries are experiencing rapid urbanization, which in turn is associated with industrialization and service development. Following the process of globalization and the convergence of many global values, the process of urbanization has also occurred in some way or at a rapid pace over the past 70 years. Although this is done for the purpose of development, it itself has devastating effects on the health of the people of those communities. Many developing countries today face this dilemma.
The result of such a movement is many diseases among different segments of the population in these areas. Therefore, and according to the recommendations of the United Nations, monitoring water, river water quality and preventing the entry of sewage into river channels, can to a large extent ensure better health for citizens.

Environmental Health and Well-Being
Environmental health as a branch of public health and health includes natural and man-made aspects of the environment that affect human health and well-being. Environmental science itself, which deals with environmental health, ultimately pursues human health and well-being. Protecting and monitoring various aspects of the environment as a guarantor of human health plays a role.

Environmental health was defined in 1999 by the World Health
Organization as "the very aspects of human health and disease that are determined by environmental factors." It refers to the evaluation and control of factors that theoretically and practically and in a potential way affect health. Environmental health includes the direct effects of chemicals, and other related factors that physically (physically), psychologically, socially, and culturally affect housing, urban development, land use, and transportation, and thus the well-being of the species. Endangers human beings Novice [14]. Environmental health services always encourage environmental policies through which environmental indicators are promoted and taken healthy forms by human behaviors WHO [15,16]. Environmental health also examines air quality, disaster preparedness, climate change, environmental racism (in which some social groups are exposed to environmental disasters), food health, waste management, healthy housing and marginalization monitoring, planning, operation.
It deals with land, hospital waste, noise pollution, drinking water sanitation, control and eradication of banana and insect organisms, consumer products and the like. In general, environmental health is achieved by emphasizing the above, and it is in such circumstances that public welfare is ensured in a society. Developed societies have been addressing this issue for years and have subsequently provided greater well-being and health to their societies. Many countries have taken effective steps in this field by specializing in environmental sciences, including environmental engineering, through which they have been able to prevent many diseases among different age groups. Thus, health and well-being have developed in the above societies and consequently life expectancy has generally increased in those societies.