Significance of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases and their Threat to the Health of the Population to the

Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death in almost all countries of the world and endanger the life and health of people as well as society as a whole. They are the cause of 60 percent of global mortality and 47 percent of total morbidity. The most common are diseases of the heart and blood vessels, malignant diseases, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases and others. NCD diseases impair human health, affect the significant burden on the health system, reduce productivity and thus significantly affect the quality of life. In terms of the burden of non-communicable diseases in Montenegro, it is similar to that seen in the rest of Europe and most countries around the world. Abbreviations: NCDs: Non-Communicable Diseases; UN: United Nations; CVD: Cardiovascular Disease; WHO: World Health Organization Significance of Chronic NonCommunicable Diseases and their Threat Health Population.


Short Communication
"In Montenegro, as in the world, more than any other health problem are chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). NCDs aim to form an alliance of a multidisciplinary team of professionals from various fields of biomedicine, health and economics" [1].
The United Nations (UN) clearly informs us that the prevention and control of NCDs cannot be achieved without the use of a "whole society approach", i.e., society as a whole, to make positive behavioral changes to reduce the risks of NCDs, as well as other preventable diseases [1]. Cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes are among the leading causes of death and disability in the region, and an increasing number of children and adults live with overweight or obesity [2]. In the developed countries of the world, NCD is the leading public health problem to which the aging population and modern lifestyle contribute to urbanization, industrialization and lifestyle habits harmful to health (smoking, sedentary lifestyle, improper diet, etc.) [3]. The burden on NCDs has been increasing, especially in low / middle income countries. Globally, an estimated 40.5 million in 2016 due to NCDs. Eighty percent of their deaths were caused by diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic respiratory disease and diabetes.
Nearly 80% of deaths from NCDs occur in people living in sub-Saharan Africa who face the highest risk of death [4]. Although preventable, NCDs are the leading global causes of morbidity and mortality, absenteeism, disability and premature death. According to a report by the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 36 million people die from NCDs annually, which is about 63% of the 57 million global deaths. About 16 million people die prematurely, before the age of 70, during the most productive period of life [5,6].
The presence of numerous risk factors that over time lead to the manifestation of the disease, and the importance of chronic noncommunicable diseases is recognized today on a global scale as a threat to human health and development in most countries [7]. Our health care system is relatively small, which is affected by a population of 640,000 inhabitants, according to which Montenegro is one of the small countries, in which according to 2007 data, the birth rate was 12.44 per 1,000 inhabitants, mortality rate 9.51 per 1,000 population, which conditioned a positive rate of natural increase of 2.93 per 1,000 inhabitants.
NCDs are the leading causes of illness, disability and premature death of the population before the age of 65. This system, although small, is also affected by the socio-economic situation, low level of GDP and high unemployment rate, as a serious limiting factor for sustainable financing of health care [8]. "The situation in Montenegro in terms of the burden of non-communicable diseases is very similar to that seen in the rest of Europe and most countries around the world" [9]. The consequences of the so- (WHO), should support a lifelong approach to health, which promotes healthy behavior, i.e., healthy lifestyles as well as good health, prevention, early detection, diagnosis, risk management, rehabilitation, treatment and care " [10][11][12]. The conclusion and the main goal that arises from this statement is to strengthen capacities at the global level, especially in developing countries, in order to reduce the risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases, i.e., their threat to the health of the population and the socio-economic development of the country.