Are E-Cigarettes Safer than Cigarette Smoking?

E-cigarettes were created to fight against nicotine addiction. But the mechanism of their work and many components they contain are not as safe as people think. This misleading situation increases the risks of negative consequences. This study reviews data on toxicological characteristics of the components that e-cigarettes contain and analyzes their influence on human body. Since new mechanisms of nicotine intake are gaining popularity, it is necessary to develop relevant methods of disease prevention.


Introduction
Cigarette smoking is one of the global problems in the modern world. Due to the latest research, the number of people who smokes cigarettes is getting lower and is estimated as 1.3 billion. At the same time, the number of people who smoke e-cigarettes is increasing dramatically every year and has now reached approximately 50 million people [1]. That is why it is necessary to know and be able to predict the consequences of e-cigarettes use.

Materials and Methods
391 students (243 (62,1%) and 148 (37,9%) women and men, respectively) at the age of 23 ÷ 4,5 were the participants of this research. The methods of the research was questioning and it's analyzing. The questionnaire included the following questions: participants' gender, how long they have been smoking, smoking tobacco before vape, reasons to start smoking e-cigarettes, preference in e-cigarettes or tobacco smoking.

Results
According to manufacturers, the main difference between e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes is their purpose by replacing bitter smoke with multicolored, fragrant vapor, vapes contribute to getting rid of the habit of tobacco smoking by gradually reducing the nicotine content. To indicate the liquid by the nicotine content, the following designations are used in order of increasing strength: 0 mg -0% (0 mg/ml); 1.5 mg -0.15% (1.5 mg/ml); 3 mg -0.3% (3 mg/ml); 6 mg -0.6% (6 mg/ml); 12 mg -1.2% (12 mg/ml).
Nevertheless, the amount of nicotine in one puff depends on the power supplied to the vaporizer. The more power is fed, the more vapor is generated and, accordingly, more nicotine is produced per serving [2]. However, manufacturers statement about safety can be argued. First, in addition to nicotine, e-cigarettes contain many other components that are not safe at all. Second, according to the results of the study, almost half of the students surveyed (42%) did not smoke before buying an electronic cigarette, saying that the reasons for starting smoking were the pleasant taste of electronic cigarettes (41%), their calming effect (12%) and fashion for vapes (8%). But, unfortunately, 39% of respondents were encouraged to the composition of e-cigarettes indicates that there is not a single component in the vapers that would be safe for the human body.
From all of the above mentioned we can conclude about the harmful effect of e-cigarettes on the body as a whole. Therefore, they cannot be called a completely safe alternative to tobacco smoking. This belief is false. Of course, research on the effects of e-cigarettes is important for the prevention and treatment of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, oral mucosa and organism in general.
Clearly, at the moment, the only and most rational method of preventing morbidity is the cessation of smoking e-cigarettes (Table 1).

Components MPC (maximum permissible concentration) Influence on an organism
Glycerol (steam formation, fluid density) 10mg/m 3 Acne formation, darkening and excessive dryness of the skin, dry mouth, persistent cough (glycerin draws moisture and dries the larynx mucosa) disorders of the genitourinary system.
• deterioration in the functioning of the kidneys and liver.
• lowering the wetness of the mucous membranes.
• deterioration in smell and a decrease in the functioning of taste receptors.
Propyleneglycol (faster entry of nicotine into the body) 7mg/m 3 Decreased scent, nasal congestion, inflammation, allergies and increased risk associated with chronic respiratory diseases.
Nicotine (0-3.6%) 0,0004 mg / m 3 (daily average) 0.008 mg / m 3 (maximum single dose) Psychoactive substance. There may be hyperglycemia, arterial hypertension, tachycardia, arrhythmia, angina pectoris, coronary heart disease, heart failure and myocardial infarction. In combination with resins, nicotine promotes the development of cancer, including lung cancer, tongue, and larynx. Promotes the development of gingivitis and stomatitis.
Dyes (giving color liquid): 1. Auramine (yellow)  f) Almost one-third of the students surveyed admit preferring common cigarettes to vapes, though smoking vapes more often.