Determination of The Efficiency of Hormones in The Propagation by Branches of National Type Cocoa

The cultivation of cocoa fine national type and aroma is disappearing in Ecuador, each year are more producers who prefer the clones of hybrids of high production as the CCN-51, causing an unstoppable erosion and a vulnerable genetic uniformity, exterminating completely genes are very important to maintain the diversity of the species. The conservation of the gene pool of Theobroma cacao L., provides us with an insurance against the adverse conditions that may arise in the future, ensuring food and good living. One of the main problems is the most nurseries are artisanal and are handled by staff that lacks the technical knowledge necessary to be able to propagate the planting material properly. The difficult asexual spread by grafts (limited skilled labor) and spread by twigs (seizures less than 25%), meant to make the present work had as objective the determination of the efficiency of the hormones trade and natural origin to achieve the greatest percentage of rooting in twigs of cocoa national type, used a same substrate ratio of 1: 2: 1 (fine sand, soil, humus).

The place of propagation is built it in such a way as to allow the passage of 10% light under greenhouse with controlled conditions of temperature between 26°C and 32°C with a relative humidity of 95% within the sheaths to empty. The treatments under study were: T1, T2 Echo Cytoquin hormones, T3, T4 Hormonagro lentil extract, T5 Coconut Water tender and T6 Hormonagro polymer. The efficiency of the commercial hormones showed percentages of rooting in the twigs of cocoa national type at 45 days, 58 per cent was the highest that corresponds to T3, followed by the 14% T2 and T1 10% presented the lowest percentages, the results of the T3 agree to research that showed that the use of products as rooting powders to basis of auxins have given good results in the survival of woody plants which have been propagated by different asexual methods. The efficiency of the hormones of natural synthesis showed percentages of rooting in the twigs of cocoa national type to 45 days, the T5 presented a high percentage of rooting in 52% its efficiency is corroborated, is composed by regulating hormones of growths and amino acids, allow the twigs develop the root system and new air tissues, T4 showed a percentage of rooting in 30%.
The efficiency of the natural synthesis and commercial hormones presented development in outbreaks of the twigs of cocoa national rate at 45 days after the process of localizing, T1 showed greater development of outbreaks due to the functionality of the product, promotes the development of buds, T2 was the treatment with higher number of outbreaks assets by ramilla, due to the product that is a physiological activator tri hormonal, T5 showed a large number of twigs and uniformity of sprouting, in its composition the endosperm coconut fluid tender has amino acids for the synthesis of auxins in addition to contain cytokinins with which interact to the formation of new tissues. The results were obtained thanks to the methodology used and the environmental conditions in the experimental trial, in this research suggests that the most efficient treatments for the rooting of twigs of cocoa are national type T3 and T5 under the conditions used in the pilot testing.

Summary
The cultivation of national type fine and aroma cacao is disappearing in Ecuador, every year more producers prefer clones of high production hybrids such as CCN-51, causing unstoppable erosion and vulnerable genetic uniformity, completely exterminating genes very important to maintain the diversity of the species. The conservation of the gene pool of Theobroma cacao L. provides us with insurance against adverse conditions that may arise in the future, ensuring nutrition and good living. One of the main problems is, most of the nurseries are artisanal and are managed by personnel who lack the technical knowledge necessary to be able to propagate the planting material properly. The difficult asexual propagation by grafts (scarce qualified labor) and propagation by twigs (seizures less than 25%), implied to carry out the present work, its objective was to determine the efficiency of commercial hormones and of natural origin to achieve the highest percentage of rooting in National-type cocoa twigs.
The same substrate was used, a 1: 2: 1 ratio (fine sand, soil, humus), the propagation place was built in such a way that it allows the passage of 10% of greenhouse light with controlled temperature conditions between 26°C and 32°C, with a relative humidity of 95% inside the vacuum covers. The treatments under study were: T1 Cytoquin, T2 Eco Hormones, T3 Hormonagro, T4 Lentil Extract, T5 Tender Coconut Water and T6 Hormonagro implied to carry out the present work, its objective was to determine the efficiency of commercial hormones and of natural origin to achieve the highest percentage of rooting in National-type cocoa twigs, the same substrate ratio 1: 2: 1 (sand fine, soil, humus), the place of propagation was built in such a way that it allows the passage of 10% of light under the greenhouse with controlled temperature conditions between 26°C and 32°C, with a relative humidity of 95% inside of the vacuum sleeves.
The treatments under study were: T1 Cytoquin, T2 Eco Hormones, T3 Hormonagro, T4 Lentil Extract, T5 Tender Coconut Water and T6 Hormonagro implied to carry out the present work, its objective was to determine the efficiency of commercial hormones and of natural origin to achieve the highest percentage of rooting in National-type cocoa twigs, the same substrate ratio 1: 2: 1 (sand fine, soil, humus), the place of propagation was built in such a way that it allows the passage of 10% of light under the greenhouse with controlled temperature conditions between 26°C and 32°C, with a relative humidity of 95% inside of the vacuum sleeves. The treatments under study were: T1 Cytoquin, T2 Eco Hormones, T3 Hormonagro, T4 Lentil Extract, T5 Tender Coconut Water and T6 Hormonagro aimed at determining the efficiency of commercial and natural hormones to achieve the highest rooting percentage in National-type cocoa twigs, a 1: 2: 1 ratio (fine sand, soil, humus) was used.
The propagation site was built in such a way as to allow the passage of 10% of light under a greenhouse with controlled temperature conditions between 26°C and 32°C, with a relative humidity of 95% inside the vacuum covers. The treatments under study were: T1 Cytoquin, T2 Eco Hormones, T3 Hormonagro, T4 Lentil Extract, T5 Tender Coconut Water and T6 Hormonagro aimed at determining the efficiency of commercial and natural hormones to achieve the highest rooting percentage in National-type cocoa twigs, a 1: 2: 1 ratio (fine sand, soil, humus) was used, The propagation site was built in such a way as to allow the passage of 10% of light under a greenhouse with controlled temperature conditions between 26°C and 32°C, with a relative humidity of 95% inside the vacuum covers. The treatments under study were: T1 Cytoquin, T2 Eco Hormones, T3 Hormonagro, T4 Lentil Extract, T5 Tender Coconut Water and T6 Hormonagro the propagation site was built in such a way as to allow the passage of 10% of light under a greenhouse with controlled temperature conditions between 26°C and 32°C, with a relative humidity of 95% inside the vacuum covers. The treatments under study were: T1 Cytoquin, T2 Eco Hormones, T3 Hormonagro, T4 Lentil Extract, T5 Tender Coconut Water and T6 Hormonagro.
The propagation site was built in such a way as to allow the passage of 10% of light under a greenhouse with controlled temperature conditions between 26°C and 32°C, with a relative humidity of 95% inside the vacuum covers. The treatments under study were: T1 Cytoquin, T2 Eco Hormones, T3 Hormonagro, T4 Lentil Extract, T5 Tender Coconut Water and T6 Hormonagro + Polymer. The efficiency of the commercial hormones showed rooting percentages in the national type of cocoa twigs at 45 days, 58% was the highest corresponding to T3, followed by T2 14% and T1 10% that presented the lowest percentages, T3 results are consistent with research that demonstrated that using products such as rooting powders based on auxins have given good results in the survival of woody plants which have been propagated by different asexual methods. The efficiency of the hormones of natural synthesis showed rooting percentages in the national type of cocoa twigs at 45 days, the T5 presented a high percentage of rooting of 52%, its efficiency could be corroborated, it is composed of growth regulating hormones and amino acids., allow the twigs to develop the root system and new aerial tissues, T4 showed a rooting percentage of 30%.
The efficiency of commercial hormones and natural synthesis showed development in the shoots of the national type cocoa twigs 45 days after the rooting process, T1 showed greater development of shoots due to the functionality of the product, it promotes the development of buds, T2 was the treatment with the highest number of active shoots per twig, due to the product that is a tri-hormonal physiological activator, T5 showed a large number of twigs and sprouting uniformity, in its composition the liquid endosperm

Introduction
In Ecuador, the regions that correspond to the Coast and Amazon, the cultivation of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the most important because it generates high income for the country, the farmers who are dedicated to this crop are medium and small Producers in rural areas, research is essential to solve the lack of quality plant material for planting and to guarantee sustainable production over time. Currently there are no nurseries that propagate national type cocoa twigs, most of them propagate grafts and cocoa twigs of the hybrid clone CCN -51 of high production but of ordinary quality, flavor and aroma. One of the main problems is, most of the nurseries are artisanal and are managed by personnel who lack the technical knowledge necessary to be able to propagate the material of sows properly [1]. The cultivation of fine and aroma national type cocoa is disappearing in Ecuador, every year more producers prefer clones of high production hybrids such as CCN-51, causing unstoppable erosion and vulnerable genetic uniformity, completely exterminating genes very important to maintain the diversity of this species.
The conservation of the national cacao gene pool provides us with insurance against adverse conditions that may arise in the future, ensuring food and good living. The work aims, from an agronomical point of view, to obtain clones with high and quality production with the selection of elite trees, a technique that allows us to obtain plantations resistant to pests and diseases which cause economic losses for producers in this crop.

c)
To determine the efficiency of the treatments with hormones in the development of the active shoots of the national-type cocoa twigs 45 days after the rooting process.

Origin and Aroma of Ecuadorian Cacao
The cocoa called long ago as the fruit of the gods has been present in the socioeconomic world for 500 years ago, cultivated mainly by tropical countries that were in the process of development, being a highly valued product in European and world gastronomy for its flavor and aroma at that time it was called the time of "the golden seed" because all the production was of fine national type cocoa of aroma and excellent quality. Cocoa at that time was the first product that set the standard of sustenance for farmers and served as an opening and link with the European market and the rest of the world to which the raw material is exported so that it is industrialized and elaborated a series of derived products such as chocolates, sweets, drinks, etc [2].

Description of Products and Cacao Products
Currently worldwide the market that consumes cocoa production is the chocolate industry, followed by cocoa powder and cocoa butter. One of the products made lately with national cocoa and its production increases day by day is cocoa liquor [3].

Botanical Classification of Cocoa
The botanical classification of the species (Theobroma cacao L.) is as follows [4].

Climate Conditions for Cacao Growing
There are many climatic and soil conditions and demands that influence the development of cocoa cultivation. It is a plant that requires field capacity in the soil, the optimal precipitation it needs to develop, and produce is 1500 to 2000 mm of annual rainfall, the optimum temperatures are minimum 21°C and maximum 32°C, given these conditions the plant it will grow well, with abundant flowering and fruiting. Relative humidity must be between an average of 70% and 80% higher than this humidity causes phytosanitary problems, very strong winds can break branches, therefore they must be light and do not come too close to the sea because they can be loaded with chlorides of sodium and other salts that can be harmful to the crop [4]. The Altitude where cocoa cultivation develops optimally is from 30 masl to 800 masl. The soils for their normal development must have a depth of 1.50 meters and contain main elements that must be in adequate quantities in a usable form such as calcium, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with good drainage and high in organic matter with a pH between 6, 5 -6.8 and preferably not very clayey [4].

Morphology of The Cacao Tree
The cacao tree has a main root that deepens after 10 years to 1.50 meters into the ground, from this main root lateral roots develop that are present in the upper part between the first 20 cm of the ground. The trunk grows vertically (orthotropia) and at 18 months of growth it presents 5 axillary buds that later give rise to five branches that later shape the tree. The leaves turn dark green.
Although the color may vary according to the variety, they are rigid which allows them to take a horizontal posture [4]. The flowers of the cacao tree appear in inflorescences that form small prominences called "flower cushions"; They have a cauliflower origin, that is to say that they occur in the old bark of the trunk and the main and secondary woody branches, this flowering can occur all year round in a plantation but according to the climatic conditions that favor it. The cocoa fruit also called cob has a varied shape and colors depending on the ripeness of the fruit and the type of cocoa [4].

Main Disease That Affects Cacao Plants in The Nursery
The fungus (Moniliophthora perniciosa) that causes the disease called "witch's broom", mainly affects the growing parts of the plant such as shoots, flower pads and terminal parts of plants in nurseries, it manifests itself with abnormal development in diseased parts and These die after a few weeks, after which the fruitful part of the fungus comes out, which constitutes its propagation [4]. This disease caused by this pathogen is the one that causes economic losses worldwide, infects growing shoots causing phytosanitary problems to the crop, the spores caused by this fungus have a short life and are photosensitive [5].

Genetic Classification of Cocoa
The species (Theobroma cacao L.) is classified into 3 genetic groups Creole, outsider and a third that results from the natural cross of the criollo and outsider called Trinitarian [6,7]. Creole cocoa has the characteristic of a tree of little vigor and low yield, standing out in high quality in its seeds with a characteristic fine aroma, the cotyledon has a color between brownish ivory and very light brown, the world production is between 5 and 10 %, on the other hand, the foreign cocoa corresponds to a tree which has greater tolerance to diseases than the Creole cocoa and its world production corresponds to 80% and finally the Trinidadian cocoa, this tree resulted from the cross between the Creole cocoa and the foreign cocoa is very resistant to diseases but of much lower quality its seed in aroma and flavor than the creole, its production is between 10 and 15% [8].

Growth and Development Mechanisms in Plants
Natural growth in plants is due to a small number of natural substances in them, which form a combination of various different biophysical and biochemical events in which various processes occur such as the initiation of roots, periods of rest, growth rate, among others and all these processes are under the control of the various natural hormones that are synthesized in the different parts of the plant [9].

Control of Development and Growth in Plants
All growth and development activities in plants are due to their genetic code where all the information is responsible for all processes to take place with total normality, where all cells undergo division in the stages of growth and development in order to that each organ of the growing plant parts develops with its own modality [9].

Phytohormones
Plants have substances that are synthesized from them that intervene in growth and development when they have normal physiological growth, these substances are known as phytohormones, which are known of 4 types as auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins and ethylene, produced in different organs of the plant and are mobilized to other parts or site of action in low concentrations to regulate physiological processes, these organic compounds act in small amounts that promote, inhibit or modify any physiological process in the plant so that it can carry all its normal life cycle [9,10]. It is the function of phytohormones to regulate the growth rate of different parts of the plant.

Auxins
This phytohormone plays an important role in the normal physiological development of plants, with the expansion of stem and coleoptile cells, it also fulfills other important functions such as the interaction with cytokinins and the efficacy to initiate the formation of roots in many Plant species since they also stimulate cell division, thus promoting the development of calluses for the growth of roots in asexual propagation [9]. It promotes the formation of lateral and adventitious roots, delaying the abscission of leaves. One of the main effects of this hormone is that it is linked to the initiation of root primordia [11]. It intervenes in the development and formation of adventitious roots that are promoted by this phytohormone such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) [12].
The synthesis of this phytohormone is carried out by two main physiological pathways, the first is dependent on tryptophan and the second is independent of tryptophan but is derived from a precursor of it [13].
There are two physiological mechanisms for the transport of this hormone, the first is long distance transport which is important for the normal development of lateral roots, the second is short distance transport involved in multiple processes such as root morphogenesis, flowers and fruits [14,15]. Different studies have shown that part of the action of auxins regulates the expression of genes that encode the biosynthesis of gibberellins since the expression of some genes of gibberellins was found altered by dominant auxin alleles, these hormones that interact simultaneously allow them to participate in the process of root development [16].

Giberelines
This phytohormone has the function of stimulating cell division and prolongation such as the growth of stems and internodes in an accelerated way, other functions are that they increase the content of auxins in the plant that can later be transported to the place of action in the formation roots and other organs [9]. It participates in the elongation of the cells of the endodermis of the root tissue, controlling and regulating the growth of the roots in the plant [17].

Cytokinins
They intervene in cell growth and division, which interact with auxins in the induction and promotion of the formation of organs such as flowering, root production, etc [9]. The synthesis of this phytohormone in plants occurs naturally both in the roots and aerial organs and they move where it is needed in the site of action, they also interact with both the auxin hormone and with environmental factors such as light [18].

Plants
Respiration in plants is a process in which there is an exchange of gases with the environment, and in this process there is a release of energy due to the oxidation of organic substances inside the mitochondria in the cell, it should be emphasized that the amount of mitochondria in a cell depends on its activity or energy demand of the cell, for respiration to occur depends on enzymes that are in and around these mitochondria, therefore respiration is a chain of chemical reactions that involve cellular processes in which are involved in specific enzymes in the degradation process in the burning of sugars, which step by step releases energy in small amounts of which the resulting products are carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), water (H 2 O) and heat;Photorespiration is a process in which it is useful for plants since it serves to dissipate the excess energy that comes when the light intensity is too high [9].
Transpiration in plants is a process which implies the loss of water from them, this process causes the plant to take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through the pores of the stomata but at the same time by diffusion the water comes out in the form of steam, this process allows the entry of CO 2 but this process implies that the plant must retain as much water as it is possible to keep the cells turgid; transpiration creates a transport system that allows the plant to mobilize nutrients and transports them to the roots caused by the flow of water through the entire plant [9].

Water Absorption and Ascent of Savy In Plants
There are various processes that intervene in the absorption and movement of water through the different tissues, the loss of water through the leaves due to transpiration must be compensated by the absorption and transport of water from the soil to the roots, in this In the process, the water is diffused directly to the root tissue that has free and direct access, the forces that determine the passive movement of water, most are environmental that do not depend on the plant [9]. In a plant when part of it is pruned, the stem exudes water with a measurable pressure that can equal up to 0.2 to 0.3 Mpa (Megapascal), this force causes the water to move to the aerial part of the plant slowly, this This mechanism allows the plant to fill the xylem vessels that are empty or that have lost water due to the effect of this defense mechanism, the pressure can be very low when the transpiration is very high in the plants and because of that the water does not could be mobilized to the aerial parts, these forces supporting the cells may appear large, When relative humidity is lower, the water potential can reach -100 MPa, this difference between the potential of the foliar cells and the atmosphere makes the foliar cell surfaces lose water and generates a greater tension inside the cells, but thus Even by the flow of water from the internal cells and from the xylem of the foliar veins, this causes the tension to be transmitted to the water of the xylem [9].

Cellular Totipotency
It is the characteristic or capacity that a non-embryonic cell has to differentiate itself from an embryonic one and develop to become

Rhizogenesis
Rhizogenesis is a process that encompasses a set of physiological phenomena in which roots develop, whatever asexual propagation technique is used, to promote rhizogenesis growth regulators such as auxins and other hormones are used, which by organizing root initiators that later transform into root primordia and give the formation of adventitious roots which, under suitable conditions, grow for the survival of the plant. The use of auxins must be controlled at adequate concentrations for each plant species to minimize callus formation and maximize the rate of rhizogenesis [19].

Coconut Water (Cocos nucifera L.) AS Rooting
The liquid endosperm of the seeds of the coconut plant is composed of a series of solutions containing vitamins, sugars, organic acids, inorganic ions (boron, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, magnesium, manganese, copper) amino acids (glycine, glutamic acid, tryptophan) that serve for the synthesis of auxins and the formation of new tissues, enzymes (acid phosphatase) that have the function of mobilizing phosphates in nutrient-poor soils, growth regulators (auxins and cytokinins), nitrogenous sources [20][21][22].

Cytokin
It is a product based on cytokinins which are produced at the tip of the root of plants and are transported to other parts where the plant needs it, this is a natural plant growth regulating hormone that promotes the development of shoots, buds and root growth especially the vigor of the plant. The application of this product promotes root growth and ensures that its growth continues since the levels of cytokinins continue in the plant [23].

Eco Hormone
It is a root biostimulant product to obtain a better development of plants in their first stages of life, it is tri-hormonal based on auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins as well as being a physiological activator that has the function of developing and improving the root system [24].

Hormonagro
This product is an excellent stimulant for the formation and production of a good root system in plants, it is ideal for all types of asexual propagation that is used. The Growth regulators that make up this product are similar to those that are synthesized naturally in plants [25].

Propagation of Cocoa
The cacao tree can be propagated by means of seed that is extracted from the ear for sexual propagation, which is necessary to know the phenotype and genotype of the mother tree from which the seed is going to be selected. It can be propagated asexually with the use of vegetative parts of the tree such as stakes or twigs, grafts and air layering, this implies that the characteristics of the mother plant will be obtained by the new plant, because it will have the same genetic makeup as the mother plant [26,27]. Asexual propagation is one of the best alternatives because it allows us a genetic improvement and with it a better productivity, as well as being a valuable alternative for the multiplication of superior genotypes [28].

Asexual Propagation of Cocoa by Branches
Methodologies have been developed to propagate cocoa twigs in an efficient and economical way, propagation by this method offers us advantages in production because the clones obtained preserve the characteristics of the mother plant [29]. The asexual propagation system by twigs has a variable rooting percentage as it is dependent on environmental conditions and the diseases that can occur during rooting [30].

Rooting Process of Cocoa Branches
There are a number of environmental and technical factors that can influence the taking or not of cocoa twigs, among which are shown below:

Greenhouse Installation
The construction of the greenhouse and the way in which it will be built is of vital importance, therefore it must be close to a source of clean water, the land must be level and without the presence of any weeds in the area or source of contamination, in the roof of the building must be made of a material that only lets 25% of the light pass through [29].

Selection of Twigs
The twigs that must be selected for a correct rooting must be chosen from young branches with healthy and vigorous leaves which must have a brown color and do not have flowers, they must be cut in the morning so as not to expose them to high temperatures and do not run the risk If dehydrated, for the cut it must be at the end perpendicular to ½cm from the node, these branches must have 3 to 4 leaves, in which 70% of its leaf surface will be cut [29].

Shade and Sunlight
The cacao tree, because it is a species that develops naturally in tropical conditions and native to the Amazon basin, has a preference for shade, which is why it is considered umbrophilic, and different studies show that plants that come from both sexual and asexual reproduction and that They were exposed during their growth to full sunlight and showed to be smaller and a rapid decrease in production over time. Especially in the vegetative propagation by twigs to help stimulate the formation of primordia, it is advisable to establish shade conditions of 85 to 95%, with this the root primordia grow to form roots, other investigations indicate that for. A good apprehension is recommended 70% shade, on the other hand another research indicates that with a shade condition of 60% and gradually reducing this percentage of shade, good results are obtained [31]. In the process of taking on the twigs, the shadow is necessary to achieve adequate photosynthesis in the twigs, since intense sunlight would cause the stomata to close, gas exchange is reduced.
The loss of turgor in the cells and therefore the death of the twigs, these excessive levels of sunlight also cause other problems at the time of take-off, such as the photo-destruction of auxins and the concentration of growth-inhibiting substances [32]. Plants that are propagated in environments with high relative humidity and low light intensity when transferred to an external environment lose water rapidly due to the low content of epicutillary wax [33].

RH
The relative humidity conditions where the twigs must develop comprises between 90 and 100% relative humidity, with this it is achieved that the twigs undergo the evapotranspiration process and it is also possible to maintain cell turgor, to achieve those conditions of relative humidity You can place a plastic covering around it, ensuring that the internal humidity where the twigs are is saturated at night like this, or you can also place the cocoa twigs outdoors but using frequent watering for 60 days [31].

Temperature
Temperature is a very important factor in the propagation of the twigs, because due to environmental factors of temperature, light, irrigation and relative humidity, they have presented low seizures with an average of 50% [29].

Substratum
For a correct rooting of the cocoa twigs, a good rooting has been achieved in a substrate that contains rice husk, coffee or sawdust [32]. Studies have shown that the use of microorganisms such as Trichoderma sp., Pseudomonas putida and Candida utilis in substrates for cocoa plants in the nursery stage have given good results in plant development and survival in the field [34].

Water Deficit and Irrigation
The cacao tree is very sensitive to the lack of water, the stomata found in the leaves close with small changes in their content, which induces a rapid photosynthetic decrease in the leaf area of the twig [31].

Growth Regulators
The Correct form and in what concentration growth regulators such as auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins should be used is of vital importance to accelerate the process of formation of a root system in cocoa twigs, the concentration of hormones can vary depending on each species and for each clone used in the propagation [31]. In difficult rooting species, the type of hormone to be used is of vital importance for the development of the roots, the hormone AIB indole-3-butyric acid being the most recommended [35]. auxins used are indole-3-acetic acids (IAA), naphthaleneacetic (ANA) since when it is propagated by twigs, a relatively short time is used since a large number of individuals are not needed because the trees have already been previously selected [36]. The most widely used auxin for rooting is indole-3-butyric (IBA), which has given good results together with slow-release phosphate in the substrate in forest species [37]. For the asexual propagation of woody species, it is necessary to consider the type of plant, the plant material to be collected, the type of growth regulators and the environmental conditions that occur during development and climate control [38].   2) Elimination of flowers to ensure that the tree uses all its reserves in a balanced way in the development of branches.

Materials
3) Irrigation to the plantation is very important, to achieve physiological activation of the trees and produce more shoots.

4) The Fertilization is important to obtain vigorous branches
with a well-developed and nourished foliar system without the presence of deficiencies. This process should be done 2 months before the collection of the twigs.

Substrate Preparation and Sleeve Filling:
The preparation of the substrate ratio 1: 2: 1 (sand, soil and humus), we proceeded to mix 24 kg of sterilized organic matter with 24 kg of sand along with 24 kg of soil to obtain a better substrate for the roots of the twig's cocoa. Before placing the substrate in the sleeves, a disinfection process was carried out with formaldehyde, for this the substrate was disinfected in layers, 1000ml of formaldehyde were used in 20 liters of water, then the substrate was covered with a totally black plastic. After 48 hours, the black plastic was removed and the substrate was removed so that the formaldehyde and excess moisture could escape, after that process the black plastic was left on the substrate for 24 hours. A part of the substrate is separated and exposed to the sun until it loses all the humidity to later be able to include the polymer in a ratio of 5 grams of polymer in 10 kg of substrate if it is not dry enough the polymer will not be able to mix well with the substrate. The 250 sleeves were filled with the normal substrate and 50 sleeves with the substrate containing the moisture-conserving polymer.

Obtaining the Extract of Lentil and Coconut Water:
To obtain the lentil extract, 2 pounds of lentil was soaked in water in a container until they germinated, after that time the lentils were liquefied together with the water, sifted and obtained the extract.
To obtain coconut water, 3 freshly extracted coconuts were taken from the plant, the water was used as a rooting agent for the twigs. to avoid loss of water due to perspiration. They were placed in a container with purified water to avoid dehydration, these twigs should be cut in the morning between 07:00 and 09:00 am to avoid the strong sun that could dehydrate them later in the day. For sowing, the base of the twigs was first cut in a bevel shape, then the twigs were placed at rest inside the containers with the pure solutions of the different commercial hormones' cytokine.

Collection, Cutting, Application of Hormones and
Hormonal and eco-hormone for 30 minutes and they sowed. In the solutions of hormones of natural synthesis, lentil extract and tender coconut water, it was left to rest for 45 minutes and sowed.
In the hormone treatments for T1 and T6, the base of the twig was sprinkled and planted. Once all the twigs had been sown in each of their treatments, the twigs were fumigated with a fungicide.
Captan was used for this research. Then the covers were sealed, it was taken into account that the vacuum covers before sealing them have to be inflated with enough air so that a microenvironment is created before closing them, with a rubber band and adhesive tape to prevent air from entering and escaping.

A. Mathematical Model
The mathematical model was represented by the following linear equation with the variance components: Alternative Hypothesis (Ha): That in all the treatments with hormones that the effectiveness in the taking and development of the twigs was used, it was found in at least one treatment, and at least there was a difference between two means and the equation is fulfilled: The Ho is rejected or accepted based on the following equalities: a.
If P-Value (probability value is less than 0.05, a 5% significant result will be detected.
b. If P-Value (probability value is greater than or equal to 0.05, the non-significant result will be declared.

C. Test Criteria
The test criteria were performed using the "Fisher's F" test, which was compared with the corresponding tabular value of the "Fisher's F" Distribution.

D. Variance Analysis
The data obtained on the number and size of the active shoots of the living twigs at 45 days of the rooting process were calculated in the SPSS statistical program, the results obtained are shown in (Table 2). Analysis of variance of the completely randomized design with the same number of observations of the number and size of the active shoots of the live national cacao twigs 45 days after the rooting process inside vacuum bags.

Decision:
a) If P-Value (probability value is less than 0.05, a 5% significant result will be detected. b) If P-Value (probability value is greater than or equal to 0.05, the non-significant result will be declared. The significance level to be used is: α = 0.05 (95% confidence).

1) Multiple range test
The Comparison of means was carried out using the Tukey test at 95% confidence, to differentiate between pairs of means after the null hypothesis is rejected in the analysis of variance.

2) Design Features
Because only a single factor was evaluated, which is the efficiency of the hormones that was applied in each of the treatments, a completely randomized design was developed with 6 treatments, equal number of repetitions and equal number of experimental sample units. said design had the following characteristics:   [37]. point out that the hormone most used to spread asexually is auxin while [36] indicate that the use of powders Auxin-based rooting agents has given good results in woody plants.
The T5 results obtained are based on what was mentioned by [20] mention that it has a series of solutions including auxin and cytokinin growth regulators, amino acids such as glycine, glutamic acid and tryptophan that serve for the synthesis of auxins. The twigs were subjected to shade with the passage of 10% light to control the light intensity and the temperature within the test which comprised between 26°C and 32°C, with a relative humidity of 95% inside vacuum covers, Note: 95.0 percentage Tukey method Significant difference between treatments (α <0.05) All the controlled conditions in the experimental trial for the survival of the twigs are argued in what is stated by [29] indicates that the place of propagation must have light conditions less than 25%, [31] points out that the humidity relative where the twigs should develop has to be between 90 and 100% while Lira, pressure that allows it to absorb water slowly and steadily, filling the empty xylem vessels which have lost water. Rooting percentage of national type cocoa twigs with the different treatments ( Figure 2) shows the efficiency of the hormones used, according to the results obtained there is a significant difference between treatments (Table 1),

Index
indicating that the T3 (58%) and T5 (52%) of rooting were the treatments that obtained the highest number of live twigs ( Figure   1) which obtained significant values compared to treatments T1 (10%), T2 (14%), T4 (30%) and T6 (34%). Average of the number of live twigs in 45 days started the rooting process (Figure 3), the efficiency of the treatments in the twigs of national type cocoa in its results, an analysis of variance was performed to establish a difference between the mean of the treatments evaluated.  The alpha value less than 0.05, therefore it is determined that there was a significant difference in the mean of at least one treatment (Table 1), the null hypothesis is rejected, the means of  indicates that T3 and T5 obtained the highest number of live twigs ( Figure 1) in the multiple comparisons between treatments proved to be significant with T1, T2 and T4, for T6 they showed a lower significance [40][41][42].           The efficiency of the treatments demonstrated by an analysis of variance a difference between the treatments evaluated showing an alpha value less than 0.05, it was determined that there was a significant difference in the mean of at least one treatment (Index  Table 4). Calculation of the ANOVA table for the development of the shoots in millimeters of the live twigs of national type cocoa clone ETT -48 at 45 of the rooting process (Table 3), which showed that the value of alpha (α) 0.000 is less than 0.05, it indicates that there is a significant difference between treatments, at least the mean of one of them is different from the mean of the rest.  The significant differences between the treatments in the development of the shoots of the live twigs at 45 days of the rooting process (Table 4), indicates the T1 in addition to presenting a lower number of live twigs (Figure 11), it presented a greater development of the shoots at 45 days of the rooting process as well as the T2 but in less growth (Figure 4), which compared to T3, T4, T5 and T6 were significant.

1.
The  Dependent variable: number of twigs alive at 50 days HSD Tukey: The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level, Tukey. Shoot development in millimeters Annex Dependent variable: Shoot development in millimeters Tukey's HSD: The difference in means is significant at the 0.05 level.