Informatization of the Society in the Digital Age

Informatization is not a new term, but it is at the basis of the information society, allowing through...


Introduction
Informatization could be determined as a fundamental term for building the Information Society (ISoc) just as the world "industrialization" has been formed the name of the previous industrial society. The term was introduced in the late 1970s by two separate authors (Marc Port, 1977 andS. Nora &A. Minc, 1978) in order to explain the growing importance of the information in the society as a whole. The first official using of this term in a public document is made in the report "Informatization of the society", which was been requested by Valeri Jiscar d'Esten -President of the Republic of France. In the following years at the end of the 20 th century and the beginning of the 21st century a contribution to this term was made by Acad. A. E. Ershov, G. Wang (1994), Everett Rogers (2000), Kim (2004). The summary of all these discussions is related to the application of contemporary information and communication technologies (ICT) in different spheres of the society, as well as to the importance of information for achieving new knowledgeincreasing the speed and quality of information services, improving all systems through the use of computer equipment, and manage all processes by using information technologies [1].
These aspects of the informatization set requirements for development of an adequate policy for the functionality capabilities of the network space, which is especially important for 5G networks. An approach in this respect is discussed in [2] where an Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) that enable mobile edge applications to monitor the subscriber spending limits regardless the way of measurement is defined. The proposed APIs permits to increase the effectiveness of the usage of network resources by subscribers. On the other hand, the geolocation of the resources and users is an important part of the effectiveness of interaction between objects in the global network. To solve this problem a set of procedures for multivariate analysis of spatial-temporal information and interaction in socio-economic systems is proposed in [3] with a goal to use of intellectualization in the practice of managing geographically related socio-economic systems.
The role of the global network in the modern stage of informatization has led to the launch of the concept of "internetalization" and introduction of the so-called "Internet Governance" -use of ICT and more specifically the global network in all processes supported by governments, the private sector, civil society, education, technical community. UNESCO (https:// en.unesco.org/themes/internet-governance) defines it as a central issue with the main goal to promote "sustainable human development and building inclusive knowledge societies, and also for enhancing the free flow of information and ideas throughout the world". There are clear requirements for ensuring a transparent approach, free expression of opinions, protection of privacy and personal data, free access to public information resources and technical interoperability, as well as respect for linguistic

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Informatization is not a new term, but it is at the basis of the information society, allowing through the continuous development of digital technologies to create new opportunities for its continuous improvement. New digital technologies of the 21 st century have led to an update of the concept of informatization of society, but also revealed possible risks to privacy. In this reason, the goal of the article is to present a point of view for positive features of the informatization, its connection with globalization and relation to the basic components of the information society. A short discussion of access to information resources in the digital space with proposed formalization of the processes is made and possible risks for digital privacy which can be created by the technologies of the digital age are discussed. and cultural diversity in cyberspace. In addition, the differences between globalization and informatization and how this will affect the necessary governance transformations is discussed in [4].

In this direction, the important issue of information security
in maintaining e-governance processes is raised [5], as an analysis of the information security problems is made in the article [6].
The development of new ICT in the 21st century (Grid, cloud, mobile cloud, Internet of Things, Cyber-physical systems, Big data, etc.) has led to an update of the concept of informatization, according to various modifications, but always related to access to information resources and their application in different areas of public relations -administration, business, industry, education, culture, etc. This increased the requirements for understanding the modern information processes in the society and put the issue of information literacy on the agenda. The use of network services, access to information and participation in e-government processes requires a certain level of technological literacy. In the contemporary digital era users need to know their rights to privacy and to data protection (requirements of General Data Protection Regulation -GDPR). In this reason, article [7] indicates that "the process of acquiring technological literacy is costly and not trivial" and a methodology to achieve optimality between the cost of processes and its benefits is proposed. In addition, the authors declare that this methodology" has a significant contribution to protecting users' privacy and security in the digital world".
The main goal of this paper is to present a point of view for the contemporary understanding of the concept of informatization as a basis of the information society and its relation to the digital privacy. An important task for users of information services is to correctly determine the relationship between the benefits and the possible negative aspects for the privacy. Indicative in this regard is the launch the term "information avalanche", pointing out the advantages but also the disadvantages of this phenomenon. In

Features of the Informatization
Informatization of the society is a technological, socialeconomic and cultural process leading to important changes of the individual's life, requiring significant efforts of the government, business and all users of ICT to form adequate information culture. as done in the article [8] where is stated that "… informatization, digitalization (electronization) of the economy and the widespread introduction of ICT creates the basis for the movement of all countries of the world to the information society…" and adds that the global information space provides free access to different information resources and electronic interaction between people.
The article states that electronization is an important factor for improving the efficiency of the digital economy of each country.
The essential role of electronization in the contemporary society is confirmed in [9], pointing out that the process of electronization is one of the milestones in the development of the society.
Mediatization: a process of improving the means for collecting, It is emphasized that the replacement of the generation of terms such as "e-" / "electronic" or "digital" with "new" modern words starting with "smart-", "intelligent", "Cyber-physical", "-4.0" (from "Industry 4.0") does not lead to clear terminology in technological terms and is justified by the term digitalization. Particularly  Table 1.

Basic criterion Essence
Technological Analysis of ICT used in manufacturing, administration, education and social life.

Social
Investigation of processes that are an important stimulator for changing the quality of life.

Economic
Analysis of information, which is a key factor in the economy such as resources, services, market commodity, source of added value and employment.

Freedom of access and dissemination of information
and ideas related to political processes, allowing consensus between different classes and social strata of the population.

Cultural
Recognition of the cultural values of information.
The following basic elements of ISoc can be identified: gives rise to various concepts starting with "e-".

Formlization of Processes in Digital Space
All information resources should be considered as integrated  Table 3 are applied.

Parameter Comment
Network infrastructure Provides the necessary communication environment for access to distributed information resources.

Provided services
The main characteristic of the capabilities of the network space, represented by different distributed systems, digital spaces, sites, etc., as well as the capabilities for remote access to resources, transmission of text, speech, video and other information, access to distributed databases and etc.

Time for performing a requested user service
Defined as the average statistical time from the moment of transmission of the message to the moment of its receipt, and the goal is to successfully satisfy the user's request, not speed (client / server model)

Price of information processing
In network services it is formed by taking into account the value of funds for input-output operations, transmission, storage and data processing.
To determine the affiliation of a node to a given type, two binary parameters { } Formalization allows to conduct a deterministic study of processes in digital space by establishing binary relations between active nodes, and each transaction can be described by an ordered pair (u, r), where u U ∈ and r R ∈ .

Informatization and Digital Privacy
Various features and characteristics of the contemporary digital age can be defined. For example, the definition "Network society" is proposed in [10], which is based on the role of the global network in f. Security and privacy issues (last but not least).
In this context, it is necessary to be discussed the important question "How does informatization affects the privacy of users of digital services in the network space?". This is essential for cloud technologies, IoT, smart technologies, big data, etc. It is not in vain that the latest legal documents in the field of personal data protection (for example GDPR) raise the issue of digital privacy of users and set specific requirements related to the right to privacy and the right to data protection. Contemporary technologies of the digital age generate their specific challenges to digital privacy [14], which requires adequate measures for secure access and legitimate use of information resources, including personal data sets [15].
The result of the rapid informatization of society is its growing dependence on the network space and the digital services provided in it, which increases the risk of violating information security and privacy.
Examples of research in this area related to the possible risk to information security in cloud infrastructure and the principles of its management are presented in [16,17]. There is also a risk of privacy with technological solutions using multiple points (sensors) for access to data (Internet of Things), "smart" technologies for home, city, transport, etc. (Cyber-physical systems), accumulation of big data and their processing [18]. A summary of the main risks for users in the digital age is presented below.

Digital Space
Any information published in the network space must be correct, reliable and the necessary measures must be taken to protect it. The risk of non-compliance with these requirements is the creation of opportunities for financial and psychological consequences, as well as consequences for reputation. The information disseminated in the global network must comply with the requirements for legal and correct processing of personal data, the information must be sufficient and relevant to the goal, to have the consent of the person. In case of incorrect information or at the end of the set goal it is necessary to observe the paradigm "the right to be forgotten" -the right of the subject of personal data incorrect data to be corrected, removed or blocked. When maintaining mobile communications and those in the global network, service providers must ensure the necessary level of confidentiality, caller identification, anonymization of traffic and location data, and ensure the security of the services offered.

Social Computing
Many social applications collect personal data outside the main purpose, which requires a serious risk analysis in their privacy policy. Examples of risk are the following: a.

Internet of Things (IoT)
Confidentiality in IoT is one of the specific considerations for ensuring reliable protection of personal data, because almost every physical or logical object or object can receive a unique identifier and ability to communicate freely over the Internet or other network. Endpoint data cannot in itself lead to privacy issues.
The problem is that when even fragmented data from multiple endpoints is collected, compared, and analyzed, they can provide sensitive information. IoT security is also an issue because the

Big Data
Big Data is collected and stored information in very large volumes, received from various sources, intended for further processing for some purpose. The idea of "the more data, the better" is a major problem for information security and privacy, because data is collected from many different sources, as well as from different forms of existence. This creates an opportunity for incorrect speculation with accessed personal data and their use for commercial purposes.

Big
It is no secret that business organizations collect preliminary information about job applicants, the behavior of their employees, their financial and behavioral ratings. Data collection is also a task of supported websites for self-presentation, for contact with potential customers, for research of consumer interests, etc. On the other hand, when using digital communications and services in the network space is not always monitored to provide personal information in the minimum required amounts.
Users need to be aware not only of the opportunities and strengths of global informatization, but also of the potential risks to their privacy and their personal data. Defining specific legal requirements for the digital space only will not lead to a positive effect if the digital literacy of the society for the special features of the modern digital age in the field of informatization, technologies, security and privacy is not constantly increased.