Comparison Effects of Tai Chi Chuan and Wai Tan Kung Exercises on Body Fat Composition and Lipid Profile B. Comparison Effects of Tai Chi Chuan and Wai Tan Kung Exercises on Body Fat Composition and Lipid Profile.

Tai Chi Chuan and Wai Tan Kung exercises are popular activity and have been widely used especially in the elderly. Tai Chi and Wai Tan Kung is low impact activity in mild until moderate intensity. Possible gymnastics Tai Chi and Wai Tan Kung can affect the improvement of body fat composition and blood lipid profile. The cross sectional study was conducted. Subjects in this study were elderly members of the Tai Chi Chuan (20), Wai Tan Kung, (20) and sedentary people (20) as control group. The body fat composition and blood lipid profile (Total triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL) was measured. The results, Tai Chi exercise improved body fat composition, blood total cholesterol and LDL level. There are no significant difference of blood total triglycerides and HDL level between Tai Chi, Wai Tan Kung and elderly sedenter.

Wai Tan Kung. This is the possibility that gives rise to differences in body fat composition and blood lipid profile between participants in the Tai Chi gymnastics with Wai Tan Kung Method This research is cross sectional study. Subjects in this study were elderly members of the Tai Chi Gymnastics, Wai Tan Kung, and sedentary people as control group. Subjects were taken by total sampling, Criteria for inclusion of subjects in this study were: (1) subjects aged 60-75 years, (2) have been practicing Tai Chi or Wai Tan Kung for more than one year, (3) female, (4) not having acute or chronic disease, (5) healthy condition based on history taking and physical examination, (6) not smoking and not drinking, (7) not taking drugs that affect body fat levels / diet drugs and substances aphrodisiacs (coffee, concentrated tea and drugs) (8) did not undertake strenuous physical activity within 24 hours before the study was conducted (9) willing to follow the study by signing informed consent. The exclusion criteria for the subjects in this study were that the subjects refused to cooperate or were sick so they could not come when collecting data. The blood sample 3mL in volume was collected to measured of LDL, HDL, total triglyceride and total cholesterol, skin fat on triceps and subscapular muscle was measured by skinfold caliper., food intake for 24 hours was collected by food recall chart. Calculation of data analyzed by using SPSS 25 software, Ms. Excel and NATS 2.0 nutrition analysis program.

Result
Physiological characteristics of the Tai Chi gymnastics members, Wai Tan Kung and Sedenter elderly in the form of age, blood pressure systole (mmHg), diastole (mmHg), pulse, weight, height, body mass, body mass index, triceps muscle thickness and subscapula, body fat composition, as well as blood lipid profile, can be seen in Table 1 From the data in Table 1   of body fat. It takes more than 30 minutes to reduce body fat each time because of the time when lipolysis occurs in adipose tissue [8].
Tai Chi exercises are carried out with a duration of 1-1.5 hours so that lipolysis becomes more optimal. The process of lipolysis is also influenced by adrenaline which will stimulate lipase [9]. Adrenaline levels will peak at the 60th minute of a series of physical exercises carried out, so that exercise carried out for an hour or more will have a pretty good effect for improving body fat composition. The results of this study are also in accordance with the statement of Swift et al [10] which states that physical exercise can control body weight so that it can reduce obesity. Aerobic exercise in a long period of time can maintain body composition by reducing body fat, where in aerobic exercise, fat is the biggest energy source for supplying energy during exercise [10]. reductions in health risk [11].
Total cholesterol levels and LDL in Tai Chi participants were lower than those Wai Tan Kung and Sedenter's elderly with significant differences. This is caused by the effect of the Tai Chi exercise dose which is greater than the Wai Tan Kung exercise so that changes in blood cholesterol are more meaningful. Continuous aerobic exercise will reduce total cholesterol and LDL levels in the blood because physical exercise will modify the activity of intravascular enzymes and transfer proteins that modify cholesterol such as Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase (LCATa). Increased LCATa activity will reduce the production of cholesterol in the body [12]. In addition to exercise factors, total cholesterol and LDL are also influenced by dietary factors where a saturated fat diet will increase plasma cholesterol by 15-25%, while a diet of unsaturated fats can reduce plasma cholesterol levels.
The results showed that there were no significant differences in triglyceride levels among elderly Tai Chi gymnastic participants compared with Wai Tan Kung (139.33 mg/dL vs 155.89 mg/ dL). This shows as if there is no effect of exercise on triglyceride levels. But clinically, there were actually significant differences in triglyceride levels in each group. Triglyceride levels in elderly Tai Chi exercise participants are within normal limits (139.33 mg/ dL) so that improvement in triglyceride levels is more optimizing, while triglyceride levels in the Wai Tan Kung group and Sedenter elderly are in the slightly high limit (155.89 mg/dL and 155.67 mg/ dL). This is supported by Grandjean et al [12] that in subjects with low triglyceride levels, the triglyceride levels will not change after exercise. Differences in triglycerides in each group due to the effect of continuous aerobic exercise on the decrease in triglycerides in the blood [12].
The results showed that there were no significant differences in HDL levels among elderly Tai Chi, Wai Tan Kung and Sedenter group. These results show as if there is no effect of exercise there is improvement in blood HDL. But clinically, the actual HDL levels in each group are within normal limits so that the effect of exercise is more optimized for blood HDL levels. The results of this study support research conducted by Grandjean, Crouse, and Rohack [12] that aerobic exercise can reduce levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL, and increase HDL levels in the blood [12].
The influence is closely related to catecholamines and the increase in the work of enzymes that affect lipolysis, especially the work of hormone-sensitive lipase enzymes. During exercise, there will be an increase in blood levels of catecholamines [2]. Catecholamines will increase the action of hormone sensitive lipases which will increase the hydrolysis of triglycerides. Physical exercise will affect

Conflict of Interest
All author declared that there is no conflict of interest in this paper.