Aging Experience in Asia: A Sociological Appraisal

Aging as a new human experience first occurred in Europe, and then through demographic dynamics started appearing in Asia. It is in recent years spreading in different countries of Asia. As experienced, no country has ever aged as fast as Japan in recent decades. Japan’s aging population was 14.5 percent in 1995. In mid-2020, the proportion of aging people in that country increased to 29 percent. Such a doubling of aging people in 25 years is in fact exceptional in the world (WPDS,2020). Surprising increase in aging population is observed in other East Asian countries such as South Korea, Taiwan, and China. Aging population needs its own infrastructure, special services and so on. The demographic transition that took 70 years for the United States, and 130 years for France, it took only twenty two years for a country like Japan to change from 10 percent aged population to 20 percent. Decline in birth rate and decline in Total Fertility Rate (TFR) played a good part in transition to aging. Other countries are also following suit because of social, economic, and cultural changes in those countries. Many youth are marrying late, or not at all, having no chance of giving births. So, population situation is turning into a problem in those countries. Population quantity and quality is a phenomenon to which all countries must have a close look. Countries need to focus on the balance of population in rural and urban areas. As the whole people of any country are dependent on the materials produced in rural areas, special attention needs to be paid to that. That would contribute to food immunity on the one hand, and food processing industries in cities on the other hand. Experience in Asia: A Sociological Appraisal. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 30(4)-2020.


Introduction
Sociology as a comprehensive social discipline apprising and investigating various phenomena, will now analyze the state of childbirth worldwide. For almost all women childbirth is a natural and happy experience through which new life is brought areas in their natural settings. In finding facts for the research, the researcher engaged in careful data collection and thoughtful analysis of what was relevant. In the documentary research applied in the present article, printed and written materials were widely regarded. The research was performed as a qualitative library type in which the researcher had to refer to relevant and related sources.
In the current research various documents were thoroughly investigated, and the needful inferences were made. The data fed by the investigator in the present article is hopefully reliable. Though literature on childbirth is very limited, yet the author tried to investigate many different resources in order to elicit the necessary information to build up the text.

Birth Rate
Childbearing comes into being through fertility achievement, and via male-female connection. According to United Nations, "Natural Fertility is the fertility which exists in the absence of deliberate birth control" [1]. According to the same source, controlled fertility is the fertility that involves a deliberate use of birth control [2]. On the other hand, the term birth control is used in a broad of sense to include international abortions, sterilization, and complete abstinence from coitus. Contraceptive method is sometimes taken as identical with birth control method. though it is a part of it. However, most persons use contraception and birth control in the same sense. Contraception, as is clear by the term is opposite of conception. Fertility refers to the actual reproductive performance_ applied to an individual or a group [3]. Fertility can be measured through birthrate. So, a woman who has given birth to a live child is considered fertile. On the other hand, those who have not produced a single child are considered sterile. The total number of children born by one couple are known as "Family Size".
The physiological limits of childbearing capacity and period are known as "Theoretical Maximum Fertility". Similarly, abortions and still birth are classified as reproductive wastage. All those concepts are understood as the trends and causes of childbirth and fertility (Table 1). Note: All statistics are based on OECD countries available.

Maternal Mortality vs Birth Rate
Maternal mortality is unacceptably high more because of increasing childbirths among the women with the special reference to the developing countries. Majority of such deaths or about 90% occurring in low-infrastructural countries, and most could have been prevented [4]. Similarly, South Asian countries, and Sub-Saharan countries in Africa, approximately involved 254000 or 86% of the world maternal deaths in 2017. Risk of maternal mortality is highest for adolescent girls under the age of 15 years old and the complications in pregnancy and childbirth are higher among girls 10-19 as compared with age groups 20-24 [5].Such catastrophes leave behind increasing issues for the remaining children in different stages of their lives. Such mother-less children cannot easily access education, proper socialization, and alike.
Eventually, they get into child-labor; a situation which will impact next generation as well.In high income countries one in every 5400 die as a result of maternal death, while one in 45 happens in low income countries. Women die as a result of complications during and following pregnancy and childbirth. However, most of such complications are treatable if infrastructure is available. In case clinical management is maintained, a large number maternal deaths among the women in developing countries could be prevented [6].
Poverty distance to facilities, lack of information, inadequate and poor quality services, and finally cultural beliefs and practices are known as the main causes of maternal deaths [7].In countries like

Health Policy vs Childbirth
During the past three decades many organizations have been engaged with progressive and planning toward childbirth in increasing number of countries. In that, private providers have been active in low and middle-income countries in an effort to improve the reproductive behavior in the process of fertility [8,9]. In some countries public and private health facilities both act simultaneously based on the choice of the clients, and quality and cost [10].
But currently the available data do not show the increasing and in-depth interfere of the private sector so far as maternal health across countries is concerned. In some cases, mothers who refer to a facility for delivery care, they may choose the private facilities.
Though in many countries the public facilitates is the main and first  when six children were born to per woman, and now it is known as one of the countries with the lowest birthrate in the world [19]. While the number of kids and the youth declines, and the proportion of aging people increases, such a decline, in work force will ultimately impact the country's economic vitality, with regard to increased costs of health's and social care services [20].
Industrialization is known to be a driving force for the decline in

East Asian Marriage and Family
East Asia is known as symbol of population policy and planning during the past half-century. Family behaviors and patterns widely changed in china, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. These countries pay much attention to the family lineage and ancestor worship particularly Pronounced in Chinese culture [22]. A great value in Chinese family is that children or grandchildren must respect for the parent or grandparents [23]. It happens so with South Korean families and perhaps to a lesser degree with Japanese Families [24].
China declared its one-Child Family in 1979; a plan that highly too. The social and demographic changes entered the above four countries, will continue within the emerging generations in the years to come. Such milestones will remain and even switch to other generations contributing to further social changes in future.
The demographic scenario will lead to shortage of babies which must be compensated by electronic man force (Table 3). Note: All statistics are based on OECD countries available.  (Table 4). Note: All statistics are based on OECD countries available.

Causes of Low Fertility in Asia
Social modernization has caused increasing social change in many parts of Asia, among which low fertility is an effect. Social modernization as increased schooling, extended average age of marriage, decreased marriage events and those occurred in later ages, get the chance of fewer child bearings. Besides, as marriages happen late, many families cannot reach their son preference that they really wish for. So many of such countries will later face the imbalance of sex ratio. future. Economic competition within the societies concern, will retain population growth at very low rate for the coming years. introduce effective policies to plan the population. In this way, they help themselves as well as the world as a whole.