Determination of Metformin. HCL in Pharmaceutical Formulations, Environmental Water Samples

ion-selective electrode[15] and adsorptivecatalytic square-wave voltammetry[16] However, all of these methods suffered from several disadvantages including tedious,time consuming , ultra-filtration and column-switching technique which required expensive or sophisticated instruments and not simple for routine analysis. The proposed method reports the development of a new ABSTRACT A simple, accurate, precise, rapid, economical and sensitive ultraviolet spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of metformin hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations and environmental wastewater samples, which shows maximum absorbance at 232nm in distilled water. Beer’s law was obeyed in the range of 2-16 μg/ ml ,with molar absorptivity of 1.28x104 L.mol-1.cm-1 , relative standard deviation of the method was less than 1.8%, and accuracy (average recovery %) was 100 ± 1.0 .The method was successfully applied to the estimation of metformin hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations (tablets),environmental water samples and content uniformity testing. The proposed method was validated by sensitivity and precision which proves suitability for the routine analysis of metformin hydrochloride in true samples.


Introduction
Metformin hydrochloride is an oral anti hyperglycemic agent used to lower blood glucose in patients suffering from diabetes of non-insulin dependent. Metformin hydrochloride (Glucophage) [1], chemically is known as 1,1-Dimethyl biguanide hydrochloride with a molecular formula of C4H12Cl N5 (Figure 1). It is an oral ant diabetic drug that has been used in the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes which improves control of glycemia primarily by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and glucogenolysis [2] and seems to ameliorate hyperglycemia by improving peripheral sensitivity to insulin, reducing gastrointestinal glucose absorption and hepatic glucose production. Recently, metformin has also become available for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome and has been found to improve vascular function, prevent pancreaticcancer and revers fatty liver diseases [1][2][3][4].
Analytical procedures for the estimation of metformin hydrochloride include non-aqueous potentiometric titrimetric method [5], various spectrophotometric methods [6,7], HPLC [8,9], Another different methods for the determination of metformin have been described, such as conduct metric titration10, flowinjection chemiluminescence [11][12][13], capillary electrophoresis [14], ion-selective electrode [15] and adsorptivecatalytic squarewave voltammetry [16] However, all of these methods suffered from several disadvantages including tedious,time consuming , ultra-filtration and column-switching technique which required expensive or sophisticated instruments and not simple for routine analysis. The proposed method reports the development of a new UV method and can be applicable to routine analysis and content uniformity test of metformin hydrochloride in tablets and complies well with the validation requirements in the pharmaceutical industry [17].

Apparatus
Shimadzu UV-1700 pharm aspect (double beam) spectrophotometer with 1.0 cm quartz cells was used for absorption measurement.

Reagents
All chemical used were of analytical or pharmaceutical grade and metformin. hydrochloride standard material and pharmaceutical preparations (tablets) was provided from state company of drug industries and medical appliance (NDI) Nineveh -Iraq. Distilled water was used as a solvent.

Metformin Hydrochloride Standard Solution 100ppm
This solution was prepared by dissolving 10 mg of metformin hydrochloride in 100 ml of distilled water in calibrated flask.

Estimation of Absorption Maxima
The standard solution of metformin hydrochloride (10µg/ml) was scanned in the range of 200-350 nm which shows maxima located at 232nm ( Figure 2). Therefore, 232nm wavelength was selected for the construction of calibration curve.

Procedures for Pharmaceutical Preparations (Tablets)
To minimize a possible variation in the composition of the Tablets were provided from state company of drug industries and medical appliance (NDI) Nineveh -Iraq. Ten tablets were weighed and amount of tablet powder equivalent to 10 mg of metformin hydrochloride was weighed accurately and dissolved in about 80 ml Distilled water, mixed well for 20min and then filtered. The filtrate was made up to 100mL with Distilled water and aliquot of this solution was treated as described above for recommended procedure and the concentration was calculated by using the calibration curve of this method.

Procedure for Water Samples
Distilled and tap water samples (100ml) were fortified with 10mg of metformin hydrochloride. The fortified water samples were analyzed as desired under general procedure.  Table 1.From Table 1 the values of standard deviation were satisfactory, and the recovery studies were close to 100%. The RSD% value is less than 1.8 indicative of accuracy of the method.

Analytical Application
The proposed method was satisfactorily applied to the estimation of metformin hydrochloride in its pharmaceutical preparation'stablets.The results of the assay of the pharmaceutical preparations revels thatthere is close agreement between the results obtained by the proposed method and the label claim. as cited in Tables 2& 3. *mean value of ten determinations  Table   4 indicate that the proposed method cans accurately and precisely quantitative metformin hydrochloride in its commercially available tablets. The mean percentage (with RSD) of the labeled claim found in ten tablets was 100.25(0.64%) which fall within the content uniformity limits specified by the United State Pharmacopeia [22].

Conclusion
The developed method is found to be highly sensitive, accurate, simple, precise and economical, and can be used for routine quality control analysis of metformin hydrochloride in pure form, pharmaceutical formulations and application to content uniformity testing.

Acknowledgments
The author (Nief Rahman Ahmed) wishes to express gratitude to his former company [the state company of drug industries and medical appliance (NDI)] (Nineveh -Iraq.) for providing gift sample of metformin hydrochloride standard materials and pharmaceutical preparations (Tablets) and for permission and facilities to carry out the research work.