Prevalence and Evaluation of the Use of Electronic Devices in Teaching and Leisure Activities of Pupils 7-8 Classes

and Evaluation of the Use of Electronic Devices in Teaching and Leisure Activities of Pupils 7-8 Classes . Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 29(2)-2020. BJSTR. MS.ID.004783.

surveys of students conducted during selective scientific research, the leading place in the structure of functional disorders, the first ranking places are occupied by disorders of the cardiovascular system (mainly vegetative-vascular disorders); musculoskeletal system (posture disorders, flattening of the feet, chest deformities); visual disorders (myopia of a weak degree); disorders of the nervous system and the mental sphere (asthenic and neurotic reactions); disorders of the digestive system (functional disorders of the stomach and intestines, biliary dyskinesia); deviations in physical development (excess and deficit of body weight) [10][11][12][13][14][15].
All of the above health disorders can be attributed to schoolrelated, because in the process of school ontogenesis their prevalence increases, and the course acquires unfavorable trends, especially in the eighth -eleventh grades [14,16]. It is assumed that long-term and daily use of information and communication technologies causes fatigue of the Central nervous system, the visual analyzer and the musculoskeletal system, contributes to the development of psychosomatic disorders and generally worsens the well-being of students and leads to the appearance of many complaints [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]10,15,17]. It is necessary to conduct a serious physiological-hygienic and psychological-pedagogical study of the impact of information and communication technologies on the visual analyzer, physical and mental health of students, as well as to determine the medical consequences of the use of these technologies. This type of research should be systematic and begin with the study of the most characteristic and common complaints made by schoolchildren [18].

Materials and Methods
Students of grades 7-8 (13-15 years old) were selected to determine the number of children examined, because according to a number of researchers [6,[12][13][14] it is during this period of school ontogenesis that a sharp increase in the prevalence of schoolrelated functional abnormalities and chronic diseases begins. The survey was conducted in two stages. The first stage: 224 students were interviewed, including 105 boys and 119 girls. The second stage: 196 students were interviewed, including 92 boys and 104 girls. These data were initially collected in October-November 2018, and in January 2019, data were obtained for stage 2. Statistical processing was performed using the statistical analysis package Statistica 6.0 (StatSoft, USA) in 2019. The validity of differences between groups was determined by the student's criteria.
Differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. To describe the statistical relationship of qualitative indicators with a small number of discrete variants, we used the construction of conjugacy tables.
The relationships between the indicators were described by the Pearson conjugacy coefficient (based on Chi-square statistics), which is in the range from 0 to 1. An increase in the coefficient indicates an increase in the degree of connection. For the same purposes, the Kramer coefficient was used according to the method Of V. E. Deryabin [19]. The sensitive indicators that reflect the state of the visual analyzer, changes in the activity of the Central and vegetative parts of the nervous system, the psycho-emotional state of students, the presence or absence of manifestations of psychosomatic disorders are complaints of children and adolescents. In addition, it was taken into account that long-term use of devices leads to overstrain of certain groups of skeletal muscles and the appearance of complaints of pain in the neck, back, lower back, and joints. It was advisable to use a questionnaire to identify children's complaints. The survey of schoolchildren using a standardized questionnaire has a high sensitivity exceeding 80%, which is proved by scientific research [17,18,[20][21][22][23][24]. It should be noted that the questionnaire used is anonymous, it only indicates the gender and age of the child.

Research Organization
The survey of students in grades 7 and 8 was conducted in one of the Moscow secondary schools implementing the project "Analytical support for interactive educational technologies". Two lessons a week in these classes used Samsung electronics tablets with the Android operating system, with a 10-inch diagonal, a screen size of 25x1600, and a weight of 547 g. All students had personal tablets. The classrooms where classes were held for students in grades 7-8 were equipped with an interactive SMART Board, a direct projection with a diagonal of 77 inches, the size of the interactive surface of 1565x1172 mm. before conducting the research, signed voluntary informed consent was received from the parents of students.

The First Stage
A survey at the beginning of the school year-at the time of the beginning of the use of electronic tablets in educational activities in the school. The second stage: the survey of the same students using the same questionnaire was conducted after 2 months, when the students adapted to the use of new technologies. All information obtained during the survey was entered in the database. computers and laptops (together) are used by 27.1%, 35.0%, and 50.3%, respectively. The use of electronic tablets in the educational process at school increased the time of using the above devices by 2 hours per week. Table 1 provides information on the prevalence of complaints about Central nervous system disorders detected in school children during the first and second surveys. Data from Table among students in grades 7-8. One of the most common complaints is a complaint about headaches that occur more often than once a week. However, girls were twice as likely to report unexplained headaches in the first survey as boys (27.7% vs. 14.3%; p<0.01), in the second survey, the difference became even more significant (26.9% vs. 9.8% p<0.001). Notes: *Statistically significant difference between the frequency of complaints in boys in the second survey compared to the first survey (p < 0.05); **Statistically significant difference between the frequency of complaints in girls in the second survey compared to the first survey (p < 0.05); *** Statistically significant difference between the frequency of complaints in all students (both sexes together) in the second survey compared to the first survey (p < 0.05); #Statistically significant difference between the frequency of complaints of boys and the frequency of complaints of girls (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001).

Most
Every fifth or sixth student noted the connection of headaches with anxiety. Girls complained of headaches during agitation more   Note: # -statically credible distinction in frequency of complaints between boys and girls (p<0,05, p<0,01, p<0,001).
Thus, according to surveys, the phenomenon of autonomic dysfunction is more common among girls compared to boys.
However, there is no data on the increase in the number of complaints about violations of the autonomic nervous system during the two-month use of electronic tablets in the educational process at school. Based on the data from the scientific literature, it was possible to assume a high prevalence and an increase in the frequency of complaints characteristic of computer-visual syndrome (asthenopia) [1,2,15,26].  Note: # -statically credible distinction in frequency of complaints between boys and girls (p<0,05, p<0,01, p<0,001).
Pain in the eye area (eyeballs) was experienced more often by girls: in the first survey, the difference was not reliable 14.3% vs.
10.5%, and in the second survey, the difference was statistically at the first examination and t=1.97 at the second examination).
Analysis of the conjugacy of complaints made by children using the Deryabin V. E. method [19] did not reveal their conjugation, which indicates that complaints are scattered and there is no convincing evidence of the emerging computer -visual syndrome. Note: # -statically credible distinction in frequency of complaints between boys and girls (p<0,05, p<0,01, p<0,001).
Thus, it was found that complaints about visual disturbances and unpleasant sensations in the eye area are much more common for girls, but there was no increase in the number of these complaints in the process of working with electronic tablets.

Contribution
The obtained scientific data will allow us to develop scientifically based recommendations for reducing the adverse impact of electronic devices on the health of schoolchildren.