Neonatal Listeriosis-Infection Leading to Death of the Newborn. A Case Report A

infection with the following symptoms: fever up to 39 °C, chills, and elevated laboratory markers (CRP 15.0mg/dl- norm up to 1). The clean amniotic fluid was released 10 minutes before the birth. The child was born in extremely severe condition, evaluated in the Apgar score for 2-3 points (pH of cord blood 7,0, BE-15). Birth weight was 1150g (98.centile), length 41cm (100.centile). The newborn was intubated with NeoPuff infant resuscitator two minutes after being born. Average oxygen saturation was 60-70% with 100% FiO2 ventilation. 25 minutes after the birth 200mg/kg of Curosurf was administered intratracheally and in turn, there was a slight improvement and saturation reached 80-85%. The procedure of assisted ventilation replacement was continued, initially conventional and then in oscillatory ventilation mode (HFO). A Chest X-ray showed RDS grade IV. Increasing oxygen demand up to 100% in the respiratory mixture was again observed and the child developed severe mixed acidosis. Eight hours after the birth, the second dose of surfactant was given. The control X-ray showed a slight improvement in lung aeration. The child was circulatory insufficient from birth. An echographic examination did not reveal any irregularities of the heart’s anatomy. The vascular bed was filled with crystalloids and colloids, a constant infusion of three catecholamines was used without any improvement. Hypotension Leading to Death of the Newborn. Report abortion, stillbirth, preterm delivery, neonatal sepsis and death. We report a case of the newborn with listeriosis, who despite intensive treatment, died.


Introduction
Listeria monocytogenes is an aerobic, Gram-positive bacteria that is widespread in the environment. It rarely contributes to infection of the general population; however, it is a crucial cause of possibly fatal bacteremia among some groups, including newborns, pregnant women, elderly and people taking immunosuppressive drugs [1]. Listeria has a wide range of tolerance for temperature (0-45 °C), pH, and the salt concentration [2]. Also, it is highly resistant to low temperatures. The main source of infection is contaminated food, especially raw meat, unpasteurized dairy products, ready meals, and unwashed fruit and vegetables [3]. The risk of bacteremia caused by listeria in case of pregnant women is estimated as 20 times higher and 2/3 of children born to such mothers develops clinical listeriosis [4,5]. Infection in newborns occurs through the placenta, aspiration of contaminated amniotic fluid, or in the less common case of infection by another newborn. Despite applying the right course of treatment, the death rate among patients with listeriosis is estimated at 30% [4,6]. The case of a newborn, born and treated in our clinic, whose death was caused by maternal infection of listeria monocytogenes is presented below.

Case Report
The male newborn was born in our clinic from the first pregnancy in the 26 th week of pregnancy in natural birth. The course of pregnancy was complicated by the mother's infection with the following symptoms: fever up to 39 °C, chills, and elevated laboratory markers (CRP 15.0mg/dl-norm up to 1). The clean amniotic fluid was released 10 minutes before the birth. The child was born in extremely severe condition, evaluated in the Apgar score for 2-3 points (pH of cord blood 7,0, BE-15). Birth weight was 1150g (98.centile), length 41cm (100.centile). The newborn was intubated with NeoPuff infant resuscitator two minutes after being born. Average oxygen saturation was 60-70% with 100%

Conclusion
Neonatal listeriosis is a rare but serious disease with high mortality [1,4,6]. A different course of infection may suggest that many cases and deaths caused by Listeriosis remain undiagnosed. The number of perinatal infections may be higher than indicated in the statistics due to the lack of blood cultures in case of miscarriages and stillbirths [7][8][9]. In our case, it is worth emphasizing that in the first culture of the patient's mother, which was taken prior to delivery and from the cervical canal, the colonization of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus epidermidis were found. After 24 hours, it was taken again due to severe intrauterine infection Bilateral periventricular hemorrhage and cerebellar hemorrhage are also characteristic of neonatal listeriosis, as it was found in our patient. A whole-body rash, often described in neonates with listeriosis, was not present in our patient [11].
Taking into consideration the serious course of Listeriosis in newborns, pregnant women are advised to use infection prevention measures during pregnancy. It is crucial for pregnant women to cook products of animal origin as well as avoid unpasteurized milk, soft cheeses such as feta, brie, camembert [10,12]. Ampicillin is usually taken into consideration in case of an indication of infection of listeria in newborns. Because of its delayed effect on the bacteria, co-administration of an aminoglycoside antibiotic is advised.
Antibiotics that are mentioned above should be applied in the same dose as in case of meningitis, even if the CNS has not been seized.
Our patient is an example that a newborn infection of listeria is still a very serious challenge for doctors. Although the most optimal pattern of treatment was applied, the patient could not be saved.