The Effects of Salvia Officinalis Extract on Serum Level of Carcinoembryonic in Rat

Studies on the relationship between the Salvia rare. The aim of this to investigate the of on the level of in

compartment and subsequently enter the blood circulatory system [18,19]. Carcinoembryonic antigen also protects tumor cells and mediates their survival in blood stream [20]. Studies have shown methanolic extraction of Salvia to have anti-growth activity against cervical cancer, skin cancer and breast cancer cells [21]. Additionally, numerous anti-tumorigenic effects have been attributed to aromatic plants of Salvia Officinalis genus [22].
Altogether, even though myriad of studies has been conducted regarding various herbs' extracts effect on tumor markers, studies on those of Salvia Officinalis extracts are quite limited. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of Salvia Officinalis extracts on serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen in male rats.

Analysis Method
This is an experimental laboratory research through which the data resulting from laboratorial experiments were statistically compared among distinct groups. In this research, adult Wistar male rats weighing 200 ± 24 grams with light-dark period of 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness and with the light period beginning from 8 am were employed. They accessed to limitless sources of nutrients and water (urban water and commercial rat food from Pars Dam Company). Animals were numbered in each group and were adapted to the presence of this project's conductor. None of the animals had any disease or displayed any sign of disease during the experiment. The methodology of preparation and injection of Salvia Officinalis extracts was adjusted based on previous studies [24][25][26][27]. In this regard, first, the plant's leaves were washed, then they were dried while being incubated in the shade for a week.
Subsequently, dried leaves were grinded into powder using electric mill and the resulting powder was dissolved in 80% ethanol. After solution filtration, the solvent was separated from the extract using Rotary machine. Eventually after desiccating the extract, the aqueous solution of the extract was prepared through adding normal saline. Rats were divided into 4 groups of 5, including the control, normal saline recipients, and extracts recipients at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg of body weight.
The extract was injected intraperitoneally. All animals were subjected to blood sampling after seven weeks. Blood samples were prepared using Cardiac Puncture technique. In this method, the samples were relatively anesthetized by the ether, and subsequently, 3 to 5 milliliters of blood were drawn by inserting a syringe needle into the left ventricle. Blood samples were then incubated at laboratory temperature for 15 minutes. Blood samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for serum separation, and thereafter the serum samples were stored at -20°C for further carcinoembryonic antigen serum level measurements. Serum level concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen was measured by means of radioimmunoassay technique using (Immunotech A Beckman Coulter/ ref) detection kit. Throughout the study, all international regulations regarding samples rights were complied with based on international standards. Finally, the data was analyzed using SPSS 19 software and one-way analysis of variance technique. In variance analysis, the significance of variations amongst groups was determined using Tukey Test. The variation between probability level less than 0.05 was considered meaningful.

Findings
Tables 1 & 2 displays the concentration of CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen) in serum of male rats. Statistical comparison of data between the control group and the normal saline group demonstrated that there was no significant difference between these groups. Accordingly, the feeding method of extract had no impact on the results of the present study. On the other hand, the results showed that CEA concentration in male rats receiving Salvia officinalis extract (200 mg/kg) was significantly lower than that of the control group (P <0.05). In addition, the serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen in rats receiving Salvia officinalis extract at 100 mg/kg dosage did not display significant variation to that of the control group. acid emulsion bleaching prevention, and reduction potential, all of which being spectrophotometric strategies. Less IC 50 indicates higher essence antioxidant activity. In all models, the least IC 50 belonged to BHT. Here, the necessary amount of garden sage to have 50% inhibitory effect is higher in comparison with that of BHT, which implies higher BHT potential (p<0.005).

Discussion and Conclusion
Based on this study, the aqueous extract of Salvia officinalis has resulted in reduction in serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen, thereby its capability of having anti-tumor activity is plausible.
Other studies have also demonstrated that Salvia officinalis extract can inhibit growth and proliferation of colorectal cancer cells in cell culture media [22]. Moreover, it has been indicated in another study that Diterpenoid Quinines extracted from Salvia officinalis have cytotoxic and DNA-damaging effects in colon and liver cancer cells in cell culture media through which they exert their growthinhibitory effects on tumor cells [23]. Additionally, assessment of Salvia officinalis effect on chicken's Chorioallantoic membrane indicates its anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative activity, and since carcinoembryonic antigen tumor marker elevates during proliferation and cellular degradation, reduction in its serum level under these circumstances is expected [28]. In conformance to this research, studies have indicated that alpha terpineol, which is one of the primary compounds in Salvia officinalis extract, can prevent tumor cell growth, and hence, can have inhibitory effects on secretion of carcinoembryonic antigen tumor marker [29].
Furthermore, studies have revealed that some compounds found in Salvia officinalis extract such as Thujene Monoterpenes, Beta-pinene, and Cineol can have anti-cancer therapeutic activity through cell growth inhibition [30]. Moreover, essential fats present in Salvia officinalis extract have shown anti-tumor activities according to some studies [31,32]. Taken together, it can be concluded that components present in Salvia officinalis extract, particularly alpha terpineol, Thujene Monoterpenes, Beta-pinene, Cineol, and essential fats prevent normal cells' destruction and also inhibit tumorigenesis in cells, and this serves as a major factor in reduction of carcinoembryonic antigen serum level. Furthermore, although molecular mechanisms underlying some cancers metastasis are yet to be discovered, carcinoembryonic antigen production has been introduced as a major factor in metastasis both clinically and experimentally [20]. Studies have proven to be a close connection between serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen and colorectal cancer metastasis to liver [32].
Based on this, since Salvia officinalis extract has anti-metastatic effects, its decreasing effect on carcinoembryonic antigen serum level is also conceivable in this regard as well [28]. In contrast, some studies cast doubt on this link between serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen and metastasis [33]. In conclusion, the