Evaluation of Current Status and Awareness Program of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) at Chattogram in Bangladesh

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are highly prevalent worldwide. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the inflammatory...


Introduction
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are highly prevalent worldwide [1]. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the inflammatory disorders of the urinary tract caused by the abnormal growth of pathogens [2,3]. Urinary tract infection is known to cause short-term morbidity in terms of fever, dysuria, and lower abdominal pain (LAP) and Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are highly prevalent worldwide. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the inflammatory disorders of the urinary tract caused by the abnormal growth of pathogens. The purpose of this study was to determine the most frequent bacterial pathogens responsible for UTIs, to evaluate antibiotics used to treat such infection, to detect and evaluate the incidence of infection & to review the current evidence of diagnosis, management of UTIs from the patients. A descriptive type of cross-sectional study design was used. The survey was carried out from November 2019 to February 2020, among 50 patients in the Urology Department of Chattogram Medical College Hospital (CMCH), Chattogram. According to this survey the highest proportion of patient's age range was from 21-30 years which was 28%. 68% of patients were male and the remaining 32% were female patients. 64% of patients were married and the remaining 36% were unmarried. The highest proportion of patients was illiterate regarding 46%. The highest proportion of patients was from rural area which was 60%.
The highest proportion of patients had frequency or urgency of urination with less urine output which was 32%. The highest proportion of patients had done USG of KUB diagnosis for UTI which was 20%. The highest proportion of patients had taken antibiotic therapy only during hospitalization which was 48%. The highest proportion of patients had not taken any antibiotic which was 30%. The highest proportion of patients had completed 50% course of treatment which was 52%. The highest proportion of patients had genitourinary abnormalities as associated disease with UTI which was 34%. In this research work, awareness program was carried out among the students of different teaching institutes, where the information about prevention and treatment of UTI had provided.

Data Collection Period
From November 2019 to February 2020.

Survey Protocol
For prospective cross-sectional encounter, pre-prepared questions were asked among 50 patients regarding UTI from Chattogram Medical College Hospital (CMCH), Chattogram, who agreed to participate were selected randomly. The patients were asked the questions by researcher herself which she filled in the questionnaire form. The questionnaire was to collect information on age, gender, marital status, level of education, residence, signs and symptoms, diagnostic test, antibiotic therapy, used antibiotic, duration of treatment and associated disease. The data from questionnaire were processed anonymously. Data were analyzed.

Data complication and processing
After complication of raw data, we stoned out and prepared a master table manually, keeping in view the objectives and variables.

Data analysis and report writing
Data were processed with the help of MS Excel and MS Word.

Results and Discussion
Age range a.
Comment: (Table 1) (Figure 1) From the above figure it was seen that the highest proportion of patient's age range was from 21-30 years which was 28% and the least proportion of patient's age range was from 71-80 years which was only 2%. Among the remaining 22% of patient's age range was from 61-70 years, 16% of patient's age range was from 09-20 years, 12% of patient's age range was from 41-50 years, 10% of patient's age range was from 31-40 years and 10% of patient's age range was from 51-60 years.

Gender a. Comment (Table 2) (Figure 2)
From the above figure it was seen that 68% of patients were male and the remaining 32% were female patients.

Marital Status a. Comment (Table 3) (Figure 3)
From the above figure it was seen that 64% of patients were married and the remaining 36% were unmarried.  Level of Education a.

Comment (Table 4) (Figure 4)
From the above figure it was seen that the highest proportion of patients was illiterate regarding 46% and the least proportion had secondary education which was 6%. Among the remaining, 16% of patients were educated with primary education, 12% had a bachelor's/ master's degree, 12% were educated with higher secondary education and 8% were educated with lower secondary education.  From the above figure it was seen that the highest proportion of patients was from rural area which was 60% and the least proportion was from slum area which was 14%. The remaining 26% patients were from urban area.      Antibiotic Therapy a. Comment (Table 8   Used Antibiotic a. Comment (Table 9   Duration of Treatment a. Comment (Table 10