Isolation, Characterization and the Biological Activity of Some Natural Components of Marine Sea Cucumber and Orange Peel

to confirm their structure and evaluate their antioxidant, antibacterial and antitumor activity. The concentrations of saponin, naringen, hesperidin, hesperetin, and ascorbic acid, which scavenged 50% of DPPH radicals, were 10.50, 0.13, 0.13, 0.66, and 0.0025 mg/ml respectively. Furthermore, Cell viability of saponin, hesperidin and hespertin showed a growth inhibitory effect, IC50 28.78, 236.40 and 73.99. The obtained data indicated that sea cucumber saponin, polysaccharides, and orange peels, may provide a promising new therapeutic approach to HEPG2 cancer cells. Also, these compounds were effective antioxidant, so they may be effective and scavenge free radicals which resulted from the disease.


Introduction
Natural components thought to have a particular benefit nowadays [1]. They are playing a necessary role in health attention and more probable to produce a pharmacologically effective component, that act as an ingredient in artificial drugs [2]. Marine sea cucumber having several active components [3], distinguishing by their nutritional value [4]. Marine invertebrates, sea cucumber own a worthy bioactive ingredient, for instance, holothurians that exhibited biological effectiveness and have a therapeutic effect [5]. Furthermore, it holds more than 50 forms of nutrients inclusive amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and trace element and active substances such as polysaccharides, proteins and glycosides [6]. Saponin which is a bioactive compound that exist in large amounts in both marine sea cucumbers and sponges, and it has a difference of biological and pharmacological effect [7], as antitumor, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic agent [5,8].
Polysaccharides have numerous activities, for example, antitumor, immune promoting, and antioxidant, polysaccharides are one of the remarkable ingredients of natural compounds [9]. Citrus juice remains are at most composed of peel, juice, and seeds. The peel composed of bioactive compounds like those flavones [10]. They are consisting of high bioactive components inclusive flavonoids, limonoids and glycosides [11]. Citrus peels, seeds and fruit pulps, that account for 50% of the original whole fruit mass, are a by-product of the juice, marmalade and canning manufactures [12]. Both naringin and hesperidin that consider the main citrus flavonoids which found in orange extraction and at most in grapefruit and sour oranges [13]. These flavonoids have been found in the serum of people after eating or drinking orange and grapefruit [14]. Hesperidin considers a bioactive compound in preventing numerous diseases, for example, lowering capillary permeability, and anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antitumor. Hesperidin Furthermore has the ability to monitor liver cholesterol texture by repressing the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase [15].
Hesperidin is functionally utilized as a supplement factor in the therapy protocols of complementary settings. Its deficiency has been related to abnormal capillary leakiness as well as the ache in the extremities, which cause pain, impairment and leg cramps. Supplemental Hesperidin also helps in decreasing edema which a result of fluid accumulation. Also, it has the ability to manage corona virus COVID-19 [16,17]. Naringin displayed the capacity of an antioxidant [18]. Moreover, it considers anti-inflammatory agent [19,20], anti-breast cancer agent [21], anti-allergic [22], and hypoglycemic compounds [23]. Naringin has been considering the anti-angiogenesis agent [24]. Also, naringin might be the active ingredient in suppressing osteoclastogenesis and osteoclasts in both vitro and vivo model [25]. Furthermore, naringin has the ability to repress polymethyl methacrylate particles induced osteolysis in vivo [25].

Saponins Extraction
Triterpenoid saponin has been extracted from marine sea cucumber, Holothuria thomasi, (Red Sea, Egypt, identified by Zoology department, Faculty of science, Tanta University), according to [27]. Dried body walls of marine invertebrates see cucumber were grinding into a powder and extracted several times with aqueous ethanol until decolorization of ethanol. The resultant solvent was evaporated by a rotary; the remaining part was partitioned amidst water and chloroform and left for overnight. The top aqueous layer has been collected and treated with n-butanol, after that, it was evaporated and concentrated in a drying oven [8].

Polysaccharides Preparation
Sea cucumber has been ground into powder; the powder has been mixed with distilled water in a conical flask. It extracted by using boiling distilled water and then filtered. Filtrates treated with trichloroacetic acid and left overnight to precipitate protein then its centrifuges, the filtrate was precipitated with four volumes of 95% (v/v) ethanol and left overnight at 4°C. The sediment which gained via cooling centrifuge at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes [27], and then the supernatant was waste. Also, both saponin and Polysaccharides were extracted during extract each other, briefly, sea cucumber has been ground into powder and after that it minced in boiling distal water for polysaccharides extraction and after the end method the ground sea cucumber has been put in aqueous ethanol for saponin extraction, but the yield is very limited, so the best methods of the extraction extract each of them alone.

Naringin, Hesperidin and Hesperitine Extraction
Both naringin and hesperdine have been extracted from mature citrus orange peels, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck var. Balady (Rutaceae), was purchased from the Egyptian market and has been identified by prof. Kamal H. Shaltout and Dr. Thanaa M. A. EL-Komi (The Herbarium-TANE, Botany department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt, Herbarium-TANE, Index Herbariorum New York Botanical Garden). Air dried citrus orange peels were ground into powder. Naringin has been extracted according to [28,29], with some modulation, 50 g of the husk powder has been added to aqueous ethanol. The flask was put into an ultrasonic bath with a frequency of 40 kHz (SB-120D, Xinzhi Technology, China) and kept for 2 hours and left overnight in the aqueous ethanol, then the orange liquid was filtered with Whatman filter paper, this procedure was repeated until decolonization of the ethanol. The filtrate has been concentrated by a rotary to remove the ethanol and obtain syrup consistency. Distilled water has been added to the obtained concentrated syrup, the mixture was agitated at 70 °C on a hot plate. 10 ml of methylene chloride has been added and the mixture left for 4 days at 25 °C to allow crystallization of naringin in the aqueous layer.
The naringin crystals were then collected by filtration. Hesperidin has been extracted according to the method described by Belboukhari et al. (2015) with some modification, 80 grams of the dried citrus orange peels was soaked in the petroleum ether after that heated to about 40°C for 1.5 h by using a hotplate, after filtration of the hot mixture through a Whatman filter paper no.1, the powder was allowed to dry at room temperature. After that, about 50 g of the new powder was extracted with 600 mL of ethanol, The extract was evaporated at rotary evaporator at 70 o C for 30 min until syrup consistency was reached, the concentrated residual liquid was acidified to pH 3 with 6% acetic acid. The remaining part was preserved nocturnal in cold at 4 o C. The precipitated solid was the crude hesperidin. The crude hesperidin was filtered with Whatman filter paper no.1 and washed with 6 % acetic acid. The obtained material was dissolved in dimethylformamide with continuous stirring and heating to approximately 60 °C. Then, the equivalent quantity of distilled water was added gradually, then it was cooled to precipitate the hesperidin and washed with little warm water.

Conversion of Hesperidin into Hesperitin:
A known weight of hesperidin which has been extracted from citrus orange husk has been added to methanol, then concentrated sulfuric acid has been added in a water bath, stirred and heated about 8 hours. The homogeneous solution which obtained was cooled, diluted by ethyl acetate and after that, it washed with distilled water. Hesperetin has been refined via dissolving in a small amount of acetone, and the resulting solution was added to a stirred mixture of distilled water and acetic acid. The gained hesperetin has been washed and cooled [30].

Identification of the Extracted Saponin, Naringin, Hesperidin and Hesperitin: Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR):
The functional groups of all extracted compounds, saponin, Polysaccharides, naringin, hesperidin and hesperetin were distinguished by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (Model-JASCO FT-IR4100 LE, made in Japan Range: 4000-400 cm -1 ) in the region of infrared radiation in the [Micro analytical unit, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt]. Briefly, 2 mg of saponin, Polysaccharides, naringin, hesperidin, and hesperitin were grounded and crushed to quite a powder with a mortar and pestle and was mixed with potassium bromide (KBr). Pellet which formed with the help of mechanical pressure was observed at the different coming wavelengths in FT-IR, infrared spectrum.

Determination of the Maximum Wavelength by Using Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (UV):
Maximum wavelength of each component is unparalleled, and it can be utilized for specific definition the component. Saponin, Polysaccharides, naringin, hesperidin, and hesperetin extract were detected by Pg instruments (UV/vis spectrometer T80, Micro analytical unit, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt). Maximum wavelength of any component is known as the wavelength that the component displays the farthest absorbance. Triterpenoid marine sea cucumber saponin extract was soluble in distilled water. Meanwhile, naringin, hesperidin, and hesperitin were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the prepared extract, solutions were measured for absorbance in UV-Visible spectrophotometer in the UV region (200 nm-800 nm) and readings were noted down against blank. The graph was drawn between the obtained absorbance and wavelength. The peak obtained from the graph was taken as the most wavelength of that compound.
X-Ray Diffraction Analysis: X-Ray Diffractometry, the patterns of all extracted samples saponin, polysaccharide, naringin, hesperidin, and hesperitin were determined using the X-ray diffractometer (Siemens D5000, Germany). The investigated angularity has been adjusted from 2° ≤2θ≥ 50°, and the scanned rate average was 1°/min. Thermal Gravimetric Analysis: Changes in the thermal properties of saponin, polysaccharide, naringin, hesperidin, and hesperitin were determined using [Schimadzu TG-50 thermogravimetric analyzer]. Briefly, the dried sample was placed in a previously tarred stainless-steel pan and weighted then heated from 25 °C to 800 °C at the rate of 10 °C /min under nitrogen supply of 10 mL/min (Micro analytical unit of faculty of science, Tanta University, Egypt).

Antioxidant Activity
Free Radical Scavenging of DPPH Radical: DPPH is an antioxidant method; depend on electron-transport which offers a violet solution in methanol [31]. Such free radical, constant at ambient temperature, it is reduced in the existence of an antioxidant compound, The reduction in the absorption and the changes in the color from dark violet to light violet or yellow color of the DPPH solution after the addition of an antioxidant has been read at 517nm., the utilize of the DPPH method supply a simple and quick technique to estimate antioxidants activities of the compounds under study by spectrophotometer [31]. The free radical scavenging actions (AA) of all compounds were studied according to [32] with some modifications. DPPH was prepared by weighing 0.025g and dissolved in methanol which gives absorbance 0.90 at 517 nm [33], 25µl of the extract was added to 975µl of methanolic DPPH, the methanolic DPPH extract mixture was shaken and put to stand in dark place and the absorbance was measured by JENWAY 6305 UV/ visible spectrophotometer at 517 nm. Ascorbic acid was utilized as a standard. The concentration of extract under study that can diminish by 50% (IC50) amount was calculated. The free radical scavenging action of the compound has been studied

Evaluation of Total Antioxidant Capacity:
The total antioxidant capacity of the extracted compounds under study was measured as per Phosphomolybdate method according to the proposal of [34], Phosphomolybdate method is a spectroscopic technique that utilized to determine total antioxidant capacity, via formation of phosphomolybdenum compound. The principle of this assay depends on the reduction of Mo (VI) to Mo (V) by the examined extract and next formation of a blue-green phosphate Mo (V) complex at acidic medium [35], Briefly, 1 mL of phosphomolybdate was put in a glass tube and followed by 100 µL of the extract under study was added. The reaction was kept away from light and it incubated at 95 °C for 90 min. A blank without sample was also run. Subsequent the incubation time, the mixture has been cooled with tap water and measured by a spectrophotometer at 765 nm. ascorbic acid was measured as a reference.

Determination of Total Phenolic Content:
The Total Phenolic Content (TPC) has been measured according to [36], by using Folin Ciocalteu reagent, the principle methods depend on the reduction of tungsten and molybdenum oxides which arises a blue color, that can be measured at 750 nm by a spectrophotometer. The concentration of the extracted compounds under study was calculated from the standard curve of gallic acid (0.017 -0.1 mg/ml).

Antibacterial Activity
Saponin, naringin, hesperidin and hesperetin extract were dissolved in distilled water and dimethyl sulfoxide respectively and their antibacterial activities were determined using the agar well method. Briefly, fifty µl of the extract under study was transferred into each hole in the test plate Petri dish. The appearance of a clear zone around the well in the inoculated plates is a sign of antibacterial activities of the strains under study (all in triplicate). The following test microorganisms were used for such purpose: Bacteria (prokaryotic): Gram-positive cocci: Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Proteus mirabilis.

Cytotoxicity Assay
Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) cells and Caco-2 cells (colon cancer cell) have been seeded in 96-well plate at a density of 5×10, 1×10, 2×10, and 4×10 cells/well (in triplicate). The cells have been treated with the different compounds under the study at different concentration and measured after 22h, post-treatment by MTT assay. Absorbance in control and treated compounds wells have been detected by micro plate reader Elisa [37].

Determination of Cell Viability by Using MTT Assay
Principle: Cell viability has been studied by the usage of 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide dye (MTT) as the proposed method described by Oka [38]. The change of yellow color of MTT to purple color formazan which occurs only of the viable cells in the mitochondria that indicated the activity of reductase enzymes. The insoluble purple formazan product is dissolved in acidified isopropanol and the absorbance is measured at 630 nm using the microplate reader Elisa.

Statistical Analysis:
The obtained data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Duncan multiple tests. All analyses were performed in triplicate and are expressed as average as mean values ±SEM using Co Stat 6.311. Values of P ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. Origin 6 application was used to be carried out statistical analysis and drawing the figures of results obtained.

Results and Discussion
Sea cucumbers characteristic by efficient foods, and it is a good source of bioactive components [39], they're worth because of their content of valuable ingredients, for instance, saponin and polysaccharide. The utmost plentiful flavonoids in citrus fruit are hesperidin, narirutin, and neohesperidin; which can be extracted by aqueous ethanol or methanol solutions [40]. Saponin, polysaccharide, naringen, hesperidin, and hesperitin have been extracted by successful methods as described and were identified by several methods, for example, FT-IR of saponin (Figure 2), confirmed the existence of saponins in the marine sea cucumber. Saponins showed characteristic bands infrared absorbance of the hydroxyl group (OH) in 3425 and 3470 cm -1 . Carbon-hydrogen (C=H) absorption ranged from 2927cm -1 . The C=C absorbance was observed at 1406 and 1535 cm -1 . Whereas C=O absorbance was found to be at 1639 and 1645 cm -1 . Oligosaccharide linkage absorptions to sapogenins, that is C-O-C, were evident in 1096 cm -1 region [8].
The aforementioned infrared functional group absorptions, characteristic of saponins, have been referred to the existence of the oleanolic acid-ester, which characterized by the C=O infrared absorbance, these triterpenoid saponins are bidesmosides because they own two connexions by glycones to the sapogenin identified by glycosidic and ester groups. The meaning of these results that saponins are detectable in both crude aqueous and / or alcoholic extracts by using FT-IR spectroscopy [41]. Moreover, the FT-IR spectra of the extracted polysaccharide are displayed in (Figure 2) and exhibit the typical signals in the range from 4000 to 400 cm −1 . The characteristic strong broad absorption at 3431.34 cm −1 corresponded to the O-H groups. The absorption peaks at 2927.37 cm −1 and 2862.68 cm −1 indicated the aliphatic C-H stretching vibrations. The strong band at 1639.62 cm −1 indicated the absorption of C=O. The results of FT-IR spectroscopy could be used to elucidate the configuration of the polysaccharide [42], a band at 1465 and 1388 cm -1 were on behalf of the C-H deformation vibration, the signals at 851-1245 cm −1 can be defined as fingerprint area of carbohydrates, among which the bands at 1018, 1082 cm −1 were the characteristic absorptions of the pyranose ring.
Typical peaks at 928cm −1 , 837 cm −1 , 779 cm −1 , was assigned to the configuration of α-glycosides [43,44], characteristic absorption bands at 1245 cm -1 (S=O stretching vibration) confirmed the presence of sulfate groups, a band at 1070.96 suggest the presence of C-O bonds [45]. The infrared spectrum of naringin in KBr pellets showed characteristic bands, the OH group at 3411.61 cm -1 , the C-H at 2926.49 and 2861.55 cm -1 [46], the band at 1729 cm -1 which indicated presence of C=O the carbonyl stretching vibration of the carboxyl group (COO), The infrared bands around 1626 cm -1 which indicated the C=C stretching that is attributed to the presence of aromatic or benzene rings. The vibrational bands at around 1457.86 cm -1 were aliphatic and aromatic (C-H) group. The bands in the range 1360-1050 cm -1 were due to the C-O stretching vibration of carboxylic acids and alcohols and band at 1263 and 1180 cm -1 indication of C-O-C and O-H of polysaccharides. Spectra absorbance at the wavenumber of 900 cm -1 or less was assigned to be the fingerprint zone [47], and the peak absorbance at 1450 cm -1 and 1080 cm -1 is characteristic to the benzene ring stretching vibrations [48]. The FT-IR spectrum of hesperidin extract as KBr disk showed a strong band of OH at 3554 and 3469 cm -1 , CH (aliphatic) at 2926, 2855 cm -1 , C=C (aromatic) at 1645, 1600 cm -1 and of C=O at 1735 cm -1 , C-O at 1283 and 1069 cm -1 . The hespertine compound which has been obtained from hesperidin (Figure 2), The FT-IR spectrum as KBr disk showed a strong band of OH at 3456.99 cm -1 , CH (aromatic) at 2926 -2861 cm -1 , C=C (aromatic) at 1638, 1600, 1515 cm -1 and of C=O at 1716 cm -1 , C-O at 1186cm -1 and 1089 cm -1 [5]. Utmost of the saponins compounds display a major absorption peak in the range of 250-350 nm. Saponin extracts have λ max at 282 nm [8]. Furthermore, the λ max of sea cucumber polysaccharide has been displayed in (Figure 3). UV-visible spectra are mostly utilized for the testing chromophore groups of the atom that distinguished by a strong absorbance electronic transition. The UV spectra in the present research showed that the maximum absorbance was at 262 nm which is matching with [49].
Moreover, The UV spectrum of naringen extract showed maximum absorption peaks at 215.2, 296 and 396 which in agreement with [50] they showed the absorption peaks of naringen at 214, 283.6 and 331.1nm. Furthermore, the UV spectrum of the hesperdine extract showed maximum absorption at 296, 312, and 345 nm. and for hespertine at 290 nm which in accordance with [30]. The thermal behavior of the extracted compounds was studied by TGA in the range of 25 to 800 °C be average 10 °C min −1 under a nitrogen atmosphere ( Figure 5). TGA of sea cucumber saponin, the thermal decomposition occurs in two successive steps, which indicated that saponin is a stable compound. Thermal stability is one of the most main physicochemical properties for the applications of the polysaccharide. The TGA analysis of isolated sea cucumber polysaccharide was carried out and the experimental results showed that, the degradation temperature occurs in three successive steps. Hespertin.
The results indicated that marine sea cucumber polysaccharide extract has altitude thermal steadiness. This data suggested that marine sea cucumber polysaccharide extract could be used for any function and in chemical adjustment [51] Such verity points out that, the extract has not to be submitted to the degradation temperature to not compromise the physical integrity of the extract. TGA analysis of naringin showed that approximately 90% weight loss has been observed more than 200 °C, the obtained data were in agreement with [48,52], they confirmed the significant mass loss which indicated the decomposition of naringen was found to be around 250 °C. On the other hand, hesperdine decomposition steps occur of about 63.74 % and 27.74 % has been identified between 266 and 500 °C and from 500 to 800 °C which can be attributed to the decomposition of hesperidin Cao et al. The XRD analysis was performed to determine the crystalline nature of the extracted compounds and to provide the qualitative information of different elements in these compounds. The XRD spectrum of both saponin sea cucumber extract and standard saponin ( Figure 4)  respectively, which indicated that sea cucumber saponin is a highly crystalline compound. On the other hand, the XRD of sea cucumber polysaccharide has been displayed in (Figure 5), Showed a distinct diffraction peaks at 2θ values of 31.83°, 45.79 and 56.44 which in agreement with [42], polysaccharide being semi-crystal and did not have periodical structure, could only show a diffuse region corresponding to the maximum value of the diffraction when the X-ray passed through the polysaccharide. It was difficult or even unable to make a judgment on the chemical composition of polysaccharide [42]. Moreover, the X-ray of naringin showed that naringin was found to be a highly crystalline material as confirmed by various peaks in the diffractogram which in accordance to [52], there are five of the most prominent peaks from naringin diffractogram at angles of 10.87º, 14.26º, 18.48º, 21.31 and º35.98 were detected, confirming the presence of naringin in a crystalline form. The XRD results of hesperidin extract (Figures 6-9) there are six of the most prominent peaks from hesperidin diffractogram at angles of 8.6°, 12.28°, 13.72°, 15.69°, 16.32 and 21.53° were detected which confirmed that hesperdine existed in crystal form [53]. Also, the XRD of hesperetin showe that hespertine have 10 of the most prominent peaks from hesperetin diffractogram at angles of 8.63°, 11.69°, 12.27°, 13.67°, 15.57, 16.32, 20.70, 21.44, 23.43 and 29.12 which showed the crystalline form. Free radicals are thought to have a remarkable part in numerous diseases.  It should be studied to measure them and display the oxidative damage that they cause [54]. Vitamin C is a potent antioxidant, that can scavenge singlet oxygen, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals have a positive effect of a scavenger of free radicals [55]. The DPPH method was utilized to detect the ability of the extract under study in scavenging free radical [56]. In the DPPH radical scavenging method, antioxidant compounds combine with DPPH and convert it pale violet. The grade of change dark violet color to pale violet or yellow denotes the ability of the compound to scavenge free radical [57]. It has been shown that all extracted compounds under study can effectively scavenge DPPH, the scavenging reaction between DPPH and antioxidant compounds (H-A) is due to the capacity of the extracted compounds to change DPPH color as a stable free radical. For example, saponin extract IC50% was 10.50 mg/ml which in agreement with [58].
Saponin may be depending on their structure in eliminating free radical as it contains a number of the hydroxyl group (OH) in its structure. DPPH is vastly utilized to estimate the free radical scavenging of different antioxidant materials and polyhydroxy aromatic components [59]. Naringen orange peels extract which scavenged 50% of DPPH radical was 0.13 mg/ml which in agreement with [60]. Also, Hesperidin extract showed potent scavenging activates of free radical which scavenged 50% by 0.13 mg/ml. The antioxidant properties of hesperidin result from their chemical structure, hydroxyl and methoxy system, the mutual configuration of the double bond and the carbonyl group of the C ring, and arrangement of the hydroxyl group and double bond [61]. On the other hand, hespertine scavenged DPPH radical with IC50 % equal to 0.66 mg/ml. Moreover, total antioxidant capacity is determined through phosphomolybdenum complex formation [34] to confirm its antioxidant properties. Hespertin.
The results also showed that the total antioxidant capacity of all compounds under the study increased with the increase of its concentration. The extracted compounds have the ability to scavenge free radicals and could act as a strong free radical inhibitor or scavenger due to its chemical structure and its ability to donate electrons, which is in accordance with [62]. The total phenolic content was determined using the folin ciocalteu reagent which gives a blue color to the solution; this indicated that orange peels have phenolic compounds which confirm the structure of extracted compounds from orange peels ( Table 1). The hespertine extract showed a small clear zone around the well in the inoculated plates of Staphylococcus aureus which is an indication of antibacterial activities of the strains under this study this is may be due to the hesperidin hydrolysis and the change of their structure. MTT assay was determined to investigate the biological activity of all extracted compounds under study. MTT assay showed that saponin, hesperidin, and hespertin on HepG2 showing higher affinities. IC50 represents the concentration that reduces cell viability by 50%. The mechanism of the extracted components as antioxidants may be due to inhibit the peroxidation of linoleic acid induced by Fe 2+ and auto-oxidation in membranes cerebral and inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species including hydroxyl radicals and nitric oxide [63] Saponins displayed anticancer properties by attaching various cancer-related proteins and Pathways [64]. So, marine-derived natural products such as saponins which represent a curative characteristic to fight cancer.

Conclusion
The extracted compounds have been extracted and confirmed by FT-IR, UV, XRD and TGA analysis. The obtained data indicated that sea cucumber saponin, polysaccharides, and orange peels, Naringin, Hesperidin, and Hesperitin may provide a promising new therapeutic approach to HEPG2 cancer cells. In addition, these compounds were an effective antioxidant, so they may be effective and scavenge free radicals which resulted from the disease and may manage corona virus.