Pakistani Fruit for High Sugar Patients

Hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia are known as metabolic syndrome. In presence of high levels of blood LDL particles, free radicals (ROS), macrophages...

and Ficus Carica (FC) [7]. Psyllium husk are water soluble fibers which are not absorbed from stomach or intestine, rather they adsorb carbohydrates/glucose and lipids ingested by routinely taken foods [8]. These fibers also adsorb bile in GIT, inhibiting enterohepatic circulation of these bile acids. Pool of bile will thereafter be decreased in gall bladder, causing signaling hepatic cells to form bile instead of cholesterol synthesis [9].
Phenolic compounds found in FC scavenge free radicals and thereafter reduce risk of development of coronary artery disease (CAD) [10]. FC also contain organic acids, vitamins, minerals, and volatile compounds like angelicin, bergapten, germacrene D, hydroxycaryophyllene, benzyl alcohol, benzylaldehyde, linalool, linalool oxides, cinnamic aldehyde, cinnamic alcohol, cinnamic indole, eugenol, sesquiterpene hydrocarbon. Many of these compounds found in FC lower blood lipid and glucose levels, and some are anti-inflammatory in characteristics [11]. Bergapten, and germacrene D may incraese insulin secretion from regenerated pancreatic beta cells, so decrease hyperglycemic state [12].
Linalool oxides and other volatile compounds get involve in various metabolic processes normally occurring in human body and decrease free radicals formation [13]. Organic acids, minerals, vitamins found in Figs (FC) have also been suggested to inhibit enterohepatic circulation, leading to decreased biosynthesis of cholesterol in liver cells [14]. Aim of this study was to determine hypolipidemic, hypotensive, and hypoglycemic potential of PH and FC in Pakistani population so that ethnic considerations of drugs and therir therapeutic potential may be determined.

Material and Method
It was parallel t-type comparative and placebo-controlled study conducted in National Hospital Lahore, Pakistan from January 2017 to April 2017. Study work was approved by research ethics committee of the hospital. Seventy five male/female already diagnosed moderately established Diabetic patients of type-2, and hyperlipidemic patients were enrolled. Written and well explained consent was taken from all participants. Their specified identifyier proforma was prepared regarding their age, gender, occupation, residential address, contact phone number. Three groups were made, comprising 25 patients in each group. Group-1 was on placebo. They were advised to take one capsule (containing grinded moong bean), thrice daily for 2 months. Group-2 was advided to take psyllium husk 5 grams thrice daily after meal for two months. Group-3 were advided to take 4 grams FC (Anjir) thrice daily for two months.
At day-0 their FBS (fasting blood sugar) was determine by

Results
After two months therapy by placebo, FC, and PH, it was observed that 12 grams of Figs reduced TG 43.00 mg/dl, TC 14.34 mg/dl, and LDL-c 48.80 mg/dl. All these changes are significant when analyzed biostatistically with p-values of <0.001, <0.05, and <0.001 respectively. HDL-c increased in this group was 5.86 mg/ dl which is significant change with p-value of <0.05. Fasting blood glucose (FBS) reduced in this group was 19.82 mg/dl which is significant change with p-value <0.01. Systolic BP reduction was 10.24, and diastolic BP reduced was 5.40mm of Hg. Changes in both parameters are significant with p-value <0.05. One patient discontinued therapy due to his personal reason. In Psyllium Husk group three patients withdrew from the trial due to low compliance of psyllium husk (due to its metallic taste). This drug reduced TG, TC, LDL-c 43.77, 21.43,48.04 mg/dl respectively. All changes in these parameters are highly significant with p-value <0.001. HDL-c increase was 5.03 which is significant enhancement when analyzed biostatistically with p-value <0.05. 8.86, and 6.94 mm of Hg was reduced in their systolic and diastolic BP with significant p-value of <0.05. Effects of Psyllium Husk, Ficus carica on hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension in two months therapy (Table 1).  well proved hypoglycemic, hypotensive, and hypolipidemic effects [17]. Psyllium husk are known as psyllium hydrophilic muciloid and these fibers bind with bile acid secreted in GIT.
Normally 94-96 % of secreted bile is reabsorbed from GIT to liver and stored in gall bladder. This process of bile reabsorption is called enterohepatic circulation, which is inhibited by these psyllium fibers. Hepatocytes start to make bile instead of cholesterol.
Deficiency of cholesterol will lead to lesser requirement of VLDL