Clinical Retrospective Analysis of Hospitalized Patients with Ocular Trauma

Eye trauma is the world’s first cause of blindness [1]. Epidemiological data from domestic and foreign scholars on ocular trauma have shown that ocular trauma patients are mainly concentrated in young people, which means that ocular trauma not only brings physical and mental harm to the patient, but also brings great family and society awkward medical burden and economic loss. Therefore, it is necessary for us to conduct extensive and extensive epidemiological investigations on ocular trauma to guide prevention and clinical treatment. At present, the Eyes Injury Registry (EIR) has been established in many countries including the United States [2]. In China, although ocular trauma has long been ranked as one of the three major blind diseases (cataract, glaucoma, and ocular trauma) in ophthalmology, it currently lacks epidemiological data on ocular trauma in the whole country and in some areas. Our hospital is located in Yichang, China, and belongs to the western part of Hubei province. The local transportation is convenient, the population density is high, the incidence of ocular trauma is relatively high, and local epidemiology of ocular trauma is rarely reported. Therefore, the ocular trauma patients admitted to the Department of Ophthalmology in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2018 were comprehensively analyzed and analyzed as follows to provide relevant information for the epidemiological investigation of ocular trauma in western Hubei province, China.

in the five years collected in this survey. Statistical analysis of the difference in composition ratio between adjacent years showed no significant difference (χ2= 14.586, P = 0.367). In addition, it can be seen from Table 1 that the ocular trauma patients who were hospitalized in our hospital were mainly ocular contusion and perforation injury, and their composition ratio was 44.47% and 40.06%. Complications The complications caused by ocular trauma are complex and diverse. Table 2  A comprehensive comparison of the visual acuity after treatment of the various types of ocular trauma described in the two tables showed significant differences between the groups (χ2=203.476, P = 0.000). The comprehensive analysis of the two tables also clearly showed the difference in the blindness rate of various types of ocular trauma: the blindness rate of the eye piercing injury was the highest (50.08%), and the blindness rate of the eye appendage was the lowest (0.77%).

Discussion
Eye trauma is a common disease in ophthalmology, and it is also This may be significantly more likely than men to be exposed to risk factors for injury. In addition, we also found in the statistics that the causes of eye trauma in male and female patients are also  injury. This is basically consistent with the statistics of Xu Jianfeng et al. [7]. In the statistical process, we found that the cause of eye injury in our hospital is metal injury, boxing, car accident, chemical injury, which may be because the main patient group of eye trauma is young and middle-aged, they are more Participation in production activities, the probability of contact with metal utensils, chemical products; and young people are mostly irritating and eager to love dangerous vehicles such as motorcycles. In addition, we also found that during the Chinese New Year, the number of patients with ocular trauma in our hospital often has a small peak.
We analyzed that this may be related to the traditional Chinese holiday habit of setting off fireworks and firecrackers. However, most of the eye injuries caused by fireworks and firecrackers are compound injuries. In addition to the mechanical damage caused by the explosion shock wave, there may be thermal damage, chemical damage and mechanical damage caused by the explosive itself [11]. Therefore, the degree of injury may be more serious than the general eye injury, and the prognosis is worse. Therefore, we emphasize that ophthalmologists should pay sufficient attention to fireworks and explosions, and if necessary, actively cooperate with other departments to assist in treatment. In addition, the relevant departments of the society must not neglect to carry out corresponding health education on the fireworks and firecrackers during the holiday period to prevent problems before they occur.
Eye trauma complications and prognosis visual acuity There are many complications of ocular trauma. Xu Fang [12] statistics show that the most common is uveitis, followed by anterior chamber hemorrhage and traumatic cataract. For the most common complication of traumatic cataract in this survey, it has been advocated that conservative treatment should be taken unless the lens cortex enters the anterior chamber or secondary glaucoma, and surgery is performed 3 months or more after the injury. However, through clinical observations in recent years, it has been found that in the months after the injury, the anterior lens capsule may form a mechanical membrane and may adhere to the iris, which will increase the difficulty of cataract surgery, increase the incidence of surgical complications, and even lose. Surgery opportunities. Therefore, most people now advocate cataract extraction 10 days after injury [15]. It is worth mentioning that in recent years, the level of microsurgical techniques such as vitrectomy surgery in China has been continuously improved, and the corresponding surgical instruments and materials have been continuously improved, and the efficacy of ocular trauma has also been greatly improved. As mentioned above, the group of patients with ocular trauma is mainly young and middle-aged, and the causes of injury are mostly risk factors in work and traffic environment.
From this we can see that most eye injuries are preventable.
We should continue to strengthen the publicity of eyesight hygiene common sense; conduct pre-employment training for new workers and migrant workers; obey traffic rules, reduce traffic accidents; and strengthen protection for preschool children.
In the event of ocular trauma, early delivery to the doctor for standardized treatment, try to improve the prognosis vision and reduce the blindness rate. In addition, although there are many studies on ocular trauma in China, the lack of unified statistics and classification methods has led to difficulties in communication and difficulty between different results. We expect the corresponding consensus to be raised as soon as possible.