Scientific Substantiation of the Use of the Environmentally Safe Water-Saving Irrigation System in the Conditions of the Insufficient Wet Area of Azerbaijan

To ensure food security in Azerbaijan and, as a consequence of their stable socio-economic development, it is necessary to solve the problems of reproduction and conservation, as well as environmental safety in the rational use of water resources. The transition to market relations necessitates a rethinking of the principles and methods for determining the environmental performance of existing industries in the area of irrigated agriculture [1-5]. Research Objectives

It should be recognized that the Republic of Azerbaijan has a leash of 14% of the water supply in the whole of Transcaucasia. Then, when the interim water balance of the republic is 32.29 million km3. However, in the best case, the water years with a 95% supply due to neighboring water atheria, this figure reaches up to 20 million km, as well as in shallow years, the republic will only reduce it to 17.0 million km3. water. That is, there is an acute shortage of water in the country. For the rational use of already limited water resources, it is necessary to switch to modern progressive irrigation methods using small-scale mechanization and automation of irrigation. The current technical equipment for irrigation does not always meet the requirements of the specific conditions of Azerbaijan. Our proposed irrigation system can be successfully used in various soil, climatic and difficult geographic conditions in the country, which was tested in the country with certifying indicators as crop yields increased to 38-50%, when irrigation water of 3 or more was saved times, while maintaining the ecological balance of the environment.
At the same time, it is extremely necessary to develop specific conditions for the latest environmentally friendly water-saving equipment and irrigation technology.

Study Moves and Discussion of Materials
Water-intensive crops and water consumption per 1 ha of irrigated land lags due to water shortages, as a result of which, instead of 6-7 waterings, plants receive 2 waterings. On the other hand, Azerbaijan differs in climatic conditions from other regions of the former Soviet Union. That is, 9 out of 11 climatic zones existing in nature takes place in our republic. This circumstance requires a special approach to solving the problems of agricultural production. It should also be noted that the rainfall for different regions is very uneven. So, to meet the needs of crops during their growing season, there is an acute shortage of water. In Azerbaijan, from 1.4 million hectares of irrigated area, 96% is watered by the surface method. That is, in the republic, progressive technology and irrigation technology are used very little [6][7][8].
The main condition for conducting natural irrigation along the furrows is a thorough capital planning of the irrigated massifs, as well as the correct cutting of the furrows and the supply of water to them strictly according to the established standards. As a rule, this norm is not maintained in Azerbaijan. It is known that noncompliance with irrigation technology for furrows and inlet leads to large losses of scarce irrigation water, waterlogging, rising groundwater levels, reverse salinization of soil and erosion. All this leads to a significant decrease in agricultural crops, destroys the soil structure, causes the need for additional land reclamation, and even leads to the complete unsuitability of land for agricultural production. Further preservation of such a situation may lead to even more serious consequences in the national economy of the republic. For rational use already insufficient water resources, it is necessary to switch to modern progressive irrigation methods using small-scale mechanization and automation of irrigation. Existing technical means of irrigation do not always meet the requirements of the specific conditions of Azerbaijan.
It should be noted that Azerbaijan is undergoing a transition to multi-structured management. That is, after the reform of almost 100% of economic activities, more than 35 thousand farms and other private farms were created on their basis, which were granted It should be borne in mind that due to a more productive use of natural rainfall, the irrigation rate is reduced. This is the watersaving role of low-intensity irrigation technology. The long-term direction of exposure to the microclimate of the surface air layer is ensured by the continuous supply of water to plants. In this case, the air humidity in thermally stressed periods of the day rises by 10-20%, and the temperature drops by 1-3 °C.