Use of the Salicornia ramosissima for the Phytoextraction of Minerals from the Desalinizer Reject

The objective of this work was to evaluate the absorption of Nitrogen (N), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) by Salicornia ramosissima cultivated in pots with saline soil and submitted to treatments: TA(water) , T1 (desalinizer reject), T2 (desalinizer reject + 7g / NaCl), T3 (desalinizer reject + 14g / NaCl) and T4 (desalinizer reject + 21g / NaCl) monitored for four months. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions at the headquarters of the Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco IPA, a completely randomized design with autoclaved and non autoclaved soil. A dose corresponding to 1.0 mL ̸ kg of soil of complete nutrient solution of Hoagland & Arnon was added every ten weeks. The desalinizer rejects were daily and the results obtained for absorption of the elements by Salicornia showed that with the intermediate dose there was a better absorption mainly of Magnesium (Mg).


Introduction
Salinization is one of the main problems in the semi-arid Pernambuco region. Therefore, producers are obliged to use water with high concentrations of salts for irrigation and food production [1]. In view of the above, desalinators have been implanted with increasing frequensscy in order to obtain potable water. However, despite having advantages, it has as main disadvantage the generation of high salt level waste that can cause environmental problems [2]. Therefore, salt-tolerant halophytes, even beyond the concentrations of seawater, can bring significant benefits to rural communities. However, there is no competition for the use of land or water between profitable conventional attitudes and plants tolerant to high salt content [3,4]. In the work of [5], it was found that halophytes also have the potential to be used for pharmaceuticals, functional foods, and adequate management practices to exploit saline soils and desalinator rejects. As seen, this type of plant has a very diversified use, ranging from the recovery of degraded areas, pollution of biomass, feeding of cattle or human feeding. Among these species is Salicornia (family Salicornioideae), which presents extensive development in saline areas associated with coastal lines, tidal floodplains and salt lakes. They are distributed worldwide and found on all continents, except Antarctica [6,7]. In order to contribute to the minimization of the negative effects of the inadequate use of the desalinator waste, an experiment was proposed to analyze the absorption of the chemical-bromatological composition o in the development of Salicornia ramosissima submitted to different levels of salinity.

Materials and Methods
of [8] nutrient solution (biweekly) and 5 levels of (total control), water (absolute control), desalinator reject (control) and three salinity combinations, whose concentrations were obtained from addition of sodium chloride (NaCl) to the waste, calculated according to Richards (1954): 7g -CE = 12,612 μS ̸ cm 2 ; 14g = CE = 13,744 μS ̸ cm 2 and 21g = CE = 14, 746 μS ̸ cm 2 , with three replicates. The soil used in the experiment was collected at the IPA Experimental Station, in the city of. State, Brazil, with the following characteristics: sandy texture, soil density -1.34 g / cm 3 , pH -7.60, P-209 mg / dm3 and Ca, Mg, Na and K-33.60, 6.00, 12.00 and 0.70 cmolc / dm 3 respectively. The average temperature inside the greenhouse during the experiment was 34°C. According to Köeppen classification, the region presents an As' (Tropical Moist) climate.
The mean relative air humidity inside the greenhouse was 56.6%.
The reject used in the experiment was collected in a desalinator After four months, the shoot and root were collected, separating them at the height of the plant neck, in paper bags, dried in an air circulation oven at 60°C for 72 hours, to determine the dry matter of shoot (MSPA) and root (MSR), the material was ground in a Wiley-type mill, provided with a 42 mm aperture sieve, by means of nitroperchloric digestion [9], determine the contents of the absorbed elements (K, Ca, Mg, Na) and total nitrogen by the microkjedahl method. A soil sample, too, was collected for complete chemical analysis [10]. The data were submitted to individual and joint statistical analysis, pertinent to the studied variables. The variance was tested by ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) using Minitab statistical software.  etunicatum (Figure 1), the treatment with reject plus 14 g of NaCl (S2) with autoclaved soil favored Na, K, Ca, Mg and N absorption [11]. working with umbuzeiro seedlings in nutrient solution, with different levels of NaCl. Under greenhouse conditions, the low concentrations of NaCl favored the presence of Na in the roots, translocating a small amount to the aerial part and that N and Ca were few significant in the absorption by the umbuzeiro with the increase of NaCl concentration.  all the treatments used, indicating that Magnesium was the element most absorbed by Salicornia ramosissima [12]. observed that Na absorbed by Atriplex was higher than those of Ca, Mg and K when grown in greenhouse on saline-sodium soil [13]. in experiment with cassava, observed that, in the case of magnesium, the highest levels were also observed in the treatments that received saline water, which provided greater moisture in the soil, which facilitates the absorption of this ion.

Conclusion
In view of the obtained results, it is concluded that the bromatological composition of Salicornia ramosissima was not affected by the increase of salinity of irrigation water. The intermediate dose (S2 -desalinizer reject plus 14g NaCl) showed a better absorption mainly of magnesium. High salinity (S3desalinizer reject plus 21g NaCl) reduces the growth of Salicornia ramosissima. The addition of nutrient solution and FMA is not significant for the absorption of the determined elements (N, Na, K, Ca and Mg). The Salicornia was very promising as a phytoextratora.