Evaluation of Adaptation to Adverse Working Conditions in Different Regions of Russia

The problem of preserving the health of industrial workers is especially significant in the northern regions of Russia, where mining remains one of the leading industries. Climategeographical conditions of the Arctic zone contribute to a higher voltage adaptation system of the body and lead to an increase in overall morbidity, which is higher in the northern regions than in the whole country. The purpose of the study is to assess the functional potential of children and adults in the northern regions of Russia and the Central zone and ways to increase it.


Introduction
Preserving the health of the working population as the most important productive force of society is one of the most important state tasks. Among the many factors that shape the health of the working-age population, the quality of the environment plays the most important role: working conditions, life conditions, food, lifestyle, and the state of the environment. Addressing the issues of the formation and preservation of health in the extreme climatic and geographical conditions of the Arctic zone, being the richest raw material base, it is especially important against the background of the socio-economic changes taking place in the country, which brought to the fore the significance of the regions of the Arctic zone in the Russian economy [1][2][3][4]. The climatic conditions of the polar regions contribute to the development in the human organism of rearrangements of many functional systems, forming a qualitatively new state of the organism -an adaptation that is achieved at the price of a certain biosocial charge. The state of adaptation can be described as the process of maintaining the functional state of the homeostatic systems of the body, ensuring its preservation, development, efficiency, maximum longevity in adequate and inadequate environmental conditions [5][6][7][8]. Working conditions in mining operations (high levels of noise, vibration, dust, uncomfortable microclimate, severe physical and psychophysiological loads) lead not only to the formation of occupational pathology, but also to a decrease in the overall resistance of the organism [9,10].
Nutrition plays an important role in human adaptation to the conditions of the north, since body energy costs increase. In extreme conditions of the Arctic zone, all types of metabolism are involved in the long process of adaptation -protein, carbohydrate, fat, microelement, vitamin. Food and its individual components is an effective means of increasing the body's resistance to the adverse effects of the external environment and thus, perform an adaptive and regulatory function, which is especially important for the regions of the Arctic zone, where a person is exposed to a whole range of negative environmental factors. By scientific justification of nutrition in specific living and working conditions, it is possible to significantly affect the functional state of the body and prevent disease [5,6,8,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. At the same time, at the present stage, the state of health of the younger generation is of great importance.
It has to start working in mines, metallurgical, chemical and other enterprises, where professional selection is carried out for medical reasons. On the one hand, the children's organism, due to the limitedness of its adaptive capabilities, is more sensitive to the action of adverse environmental factors. On the other hand, the adaptive reactions of a child's body are formed, as a rule, in the usual climatic zone and habitat [3,7,10]. In recent years, interest in methods of integral quantitative assessment of indicators of the functional state of the body has increased significantly. One of the promising methods for assessing the adaptation reserves of the organism in a population is the method of correlation adaptometry, which allows us to characterize various aspects of relationships in a variety of variables. The main idea of the method is to demonstrate the position that informational relationships both within individual functional systems and in intersystem connections in the whole organism are very sensitive to external influences [9,12]. Long-term studies based on a comparative analysis of populations and groups in various environmental and socio-hygienic conditions indicate a highly informative correlation between physiological parameters to assess the degree to which the population is adapted to extreme or simply changed conditions. Thus, the purpose of this study was to make a comparative assessment of the functional potential of children and adults in the Arctic zone of Russia and ways to increase it in order to preserve the labor potential of the population.

Materials and Methods
The research was carried out at the leading enterprises of the

Results and Discussion
For a quantitative assessment of the functional reserves of the body of workers, we developed a method using the integral correlation adaptation coefficient (CAC), determined by the degree of conjugacy of diagnostic indicators of the main systems of homeostasis using the pair correlation method [16].    The coefficient of the CAC has increased from 0.2 to 0.26 within the same level, corresponding to a satisfactory functional potential, which characterizes the effective, but insufficient for the duration of the use of therapeutic and prophylactic product [17][18][19]. The