Hydatid Cyct Disease with Extra Hepatic Localizations

Echinococus granulosus causes the echinococcosis also known as hydatid cyst disease. Hydatid cyst disease is a parasitic infection. This parasit is identified by Basch for the first time and defined as echinococus granulosus [1]. Hydatid cyst is presently a prevalent health problem in our country. Echinococus granulosus may indwell all the organs. But liver and lungs are affected usually. Especially; extrahepatic localization is rare. Animals consumed as nutrients, are parasit’s intermediate host. The last host is canine genus. The echinococus larvas named as hexagons, are taken by gastrointestinal way. The embryos come to liver by the veins and to the other organs by the lenfatic way. In this article, hydatid cyst cases presenting with different clinical features and localized in extrahepatic organs, are discussed. Methods

spleen, 2 in peritoneal cavity (1 of them was in right inguinal hernia pouch),1 in thyroid, 1 in left paravertebral muscles and 1 in gall bladder ( Figure 2). The mean cyst size was calculated as 8.05 cm (2cm -22cm). Lung located cysts were diagnosed by chest graphy and CT, thyroid located cyst, 3 of spleen located cysts, peritoneal cavity located cysts and gall bladder located cyst were diagnosed by USG, (Figure 3) 2 of spleen located cysts and paravertebral muscle located cyst were diagnosed by CT (Figure 4). Total splenectomy was performed to spleen located cysts. Thyroid cyst was treated by bilateral total thyroidectomy. Lung cysts were treated by cyst wall resection (subtotal cystectomy). Total cystectomy was performed for the peritoneal cavity cysts and paravertebral muscle located cyst. Recurrence occurred in paravertebral muscle cyst and in 1 of lung cysts. And total cystectomy was performed for these cysts. No recurrence occured again. All the patients were administered postop 10 mg/kg albendazole. After four weeks of medical treatment, patients undergo USG control. There was no recurrence in this period (Table 1).

Discussion
Hydatid cyst disease is most commonly seen in the liver (%70).
But all organs and systems may be affected. This parasit may settle in lung, muscle, bone, kidney, brain, heart, prostate, pancreas.
thyroid and spleen [2]. Isolated extrahepatic replacements are very rare [3].  [9]. In our study most of the cases diagnosed by imaging techniques. Surgical treatment is the first and most important method for the hydatid cyst disease even with antihelminthics [10][11][12]. In surgical treatment; the affected organ can be removed totally or partially with the cysts. Parenchymal resection and simple cystectomy are the other applied surgical treatment method. The most common used surgical technique is total or subtotal pericystectomy [13,14]. In our study; total organ resections (splenectomy, total thyroidectomy, cholecystectomy) applied for the cysts located in spleen, thyroid and gall bladder.
Subtotal cyst resections (pericystectomy) are made for the lung cysts. And total cystectomy applied for the cysts in peritoneal cavity and muscle localizated cyst.
Antihelminthics are the alternative treatment method for small and asymptomatic cysts [15]. Albendazole is an antihelmintic which is used frequently with the dose of 10 mg / kg / day [16]. In the studies of Horton and El-Mufti; the improvement rate is nearly %50 and %90 of recurrent cysts are in advanced stage and reported to be susceptible to albendazole treatment [17,18]. In our study one of the recurrent cysts is the old and big cyst (16cm) in lung and the other recurrent cyst is paravertebral muscle localized cyst which is also old age. So, it is compatible with the literatüre that the size and age of the cyst affect recurrent ratio [19]. The recurrent ratio in our study is 2 (%10) and in literature the recurrent ratio changes between %3-26 [20]. After concomitant administration of surgical and medical treatment; it is reported that recurrence rate decreases [14]. In our study all petients have surgical and medical treatment together.

Conclusion
The diagnose of extrahepatic located hydatid cyst disease may be difficult. Serological tests may be misleading and imaging methods are more valuable for these cysts. The first treatment step is surgery, but also medical treatment should be added. It is important not to forget that the cyst size and the age of the cyst is important for the recurrence.

Informed Consent
Written informed consent was obtained from patient who participated in this study.

Peer Review
Externally peer reviewed.

Conflict of Interest
No conflict of interest was declared by the author.

Financial Disclosure
The author declared that this study has received no financial support.