Utilization of the Library and Internet as a Source of Scientific Information by the Nursing Students

Supriya Chinchpure*, Aiswarya TR, Anisha Raju, Anjumol KR, Archana S, Aswathy AR and Artee T Barate Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Nursing, Sadhu Vaswani College of nursing, India Received: December 12, 2017; Published: February 23, 2018 *Corresponding author: Supriya Chinchpure, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Nursing, Sadhu Vaswani College of nursing, 10-10/1 Koregaon Park Pune, India, Email: DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.02.000792 Supriya Chinchpure. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res

Students would not travel to a library in order to read books or any other reading materials as they have access to the information via the web research. For example, if an individual inserts few keywords on the websites, he will be given a rich variety of the related information from all over the world within a minute. Therefore, using the Internet for acquiring information may cause a situation where visiting libraries seem to have no necessity for the Internet users. Libraries have been given less importance in society, compared to the past. While some people believe that the libraries are no longer essential because of the Internet, Upcoming digitalized world is totally dependent on internet. Various researches have been done in different profession on comparing use of internet and library as scientific source of information, thus investigators finds interest to assess the scientific sources of information in nursing profession.

a)
To determine the utilization of library books as a source of scientific information by students b) To assess the utilization of internet as a source of scientific information by nursing student.

c)
To assess the satisfaction of library & internet utilization by nursing students. Finding of Demographic data: It includes code no., age, course, year, source of information. Majority finding revealed that (91.74%) nursing students are using both internet and library as source scientific information for the academic purpose.

Research
Findings on Utilization of library A.
Major Finding Revealed are as Follows: a) On analysis of data related to helpfulness of library in academic purpose revels that majority of students i.e. 83.80% found library to be helpful and 16.19% felt it is somewhat helpful for their academic purpose.

b)
On examination of purpose of visit to library result shows that students mostly prefer text books i.e. 32.94% for studies, while 22.48% for study purpose, while 15.11% for reading news paper, while 13.95% for reference materials. While 11.62%use to refer journals. And 3.87% use library for other than academic purposes.

c)
On analysis of data related to frequency of library use shows that majority of students ie 46.89% of use library when there is necessary and 31.03% students visit library daily .

d)
On analysis of data related to duration of each visit revels that majority (57.14%) of students using library more than 30 minutes while 42.85% students using library less than 30 minutes.

e)
On examination of locating the desired material in library most of students ie 41.17% seeking help from librarian for locating desired materials , while 35.29% searching through shelves,12.29% searching through catalogue and 11.11% locating desired materials by seeking help from colleagues.

f)
On examination of selection criteria reveals that 56.33% of students are selecting book for their study as per the author ,while 24.64% are selecting as per the teacher/mentor.and 19.01% use publication as their selection criteria.

g)
On analysis of data related to important resources for academic purpose reveals that majority ie 47.22% of students use text book as an important resource for their academic purpose, while 28.33% use reference material, while 8.33% use journals, while 6.66% use dessertations,while 5.55% use supplementary readings and 3.88% use magazines.

h)
On analysis of data related to locating desired information reveals that majority ie, 47.22% of student find easy to locate desired information, while 37.96% find it is somewhat easy,while 12.03% find it is very easy and 2.77% said that locating desired information is not at all easy.

i)
On analysis of data related to adequacy of desired information from library reveals that maximum students ie 82.85% said that library is providing adequate information and 17.14% student said that it is not providing adequate information.

j)
On examamination of advantages of reading material in library reveals that majority ie 27.18% of students using library because they get materials which students can't afford to buy. While 20.27% feels library provides major source of scientific information. While 17.97% feels that library provides relevant and realistic information, while 15.20% feels library provides authentic reference , while 10.13% fells that the information from library books are current and updated and 9.21% use for reading supplementary materials.

k)
On analysis of data related to asking help from librarian during library visit reveals that majority ie 54.28% of students seek help from librarian in some visit, while 25.71% rarely ask help from librarian .and 20% students ask help every visit.

Findings on Utilization of Internet:
A.
Major Finding Revealed are as Follows a) On analysis of data related to helpfulness of internet in academic reveals that majority 81.90% of students said that internet is helpful in their academic purpose, while 16.19% said that it is somewhat helpful for their academic purposes and 1.90% said it is not helpful for their academic purposes.

b)
On examination of purpose of accessing internet reveals that majority of students i.e. 24.50% access internet for reference materials, while 21.07% use internet for other than academic purposes, while 17.15% use internet to study for examination, 16.66% students use internet to refer text book , 10.29% for reading news paper, and 10.29% use to refer journals.

c)
On analysis of data related to frequency of accessing internet reveals that majority of students ie 71.42% use internet when there is necessary while 14.28% use internet every day and 14.28% use internet2-3 times a week.

d)
On analysis of data related to duration of each visit reveals that majority of students i.e. 65.71% are using internet more than 30 minutes in each visit and 34.28%is using less than 30 minutes in each visit .

e)
On examination of possess of locating desired material found that majority of students are locating the desired material through search engine i.e. 58.77% while 21.37% search through online catalogs, while 13.74% asking help from colleagues and only 6.10% is seeking guidance from librarian .

f)
On examination of selection criteria for desired materials from internet reveals that 34.61% of students are selecting information for their study as per the author while 33.84% students are using publication as their selection criteria and 31.53% are selecting as per the teacher/mentor.

Introduction
Information is a vital and indispensable component of any academic environment. It makes for effectiveness in any academic system. Both faculty and students need to use information daily in their various academic endeavors. For decades, faculty and students have actively use library and its resources as their main information sources. Library increase the knowledge without any boundary and also inspires the students to develop a habit of reading books. There for it provides real satisfaction and pleasures to student as well as facultiesm [1] we now live in the information age where access too many internet resource is just a few clicks away. The term internet has been coined from a concept inter-networking that denotes interaction between networks of computers. It is an umbrella under which different network, small and big, freely exchange information across the globe. It provides to assess to the most diversified source of information hosted by individual and various organization worldwide on a vast network on serves [1].
Nowadays, the internet in the education sector plays an important role, especially in the process of empowering the technology in to the educational activities. In other side it can be the most effective way to increase the students' knowledge. Internet has become a part of library environment today it has added a great value to the library and information service [2]. The internet is not a substitute for the library, but a search tool to be used in addition to traditional sources in the library. No one would deny that with the high accessibility of the internet, libraries have been given less importance in society, compared to the past. While some people believe that the public libraries are no longer essential because of the internet, libraries still make a positive contribution in our societies [1].
On the one hand, the internet enables the users to obtain a wide range of information regardless of their locations. People would not travel to a local library in order to read books or any other reading materials as they have access to the information via the web research [2]. Therefore, using the internet for acquiring information may cause a situation where visiting libraries seem to have no necessity for the internet users. The internet has introduced improvements in technology, communication and online entertainment but it is also incredibly useful for education purposes as well. Teachers use internets to supplement the lesion and a number of prestigious universities have open up free online lectures and courses to everyone. It has even allowed retired teachers to read to and educate children in poorer countries. Widespread use of the internet has opened up a substantial amount of knowledge to a much broader range of people than ever before. The internet contains a wealth of knowledge that is available instantly upon any search. Because of this, the internet has superseded libraries as a source for information gathering and research. Many teachers will now ask students to visit specific website to study from home, and online encyclopedias provide masses of knowledge of every topic imaginable. The variety of sources allows students to pursue subject in much greater details rather than being limited to whatever teacher's sends home.2 Libraries have been given less importance g) On analysis of data related to important resources for academic purpose reveals that majority ie 33.51% students are use e-reference, while 20.21% use e-text books for study , while 20.21% use supplementary readings, 11.70% % use dissertations, 7.97% use e-journals and 6.38% e-magazines.

h)
On analysis of data related to locating desired information from internet reveals that majority ie 42.85% students are found easy to locate desired information, while 37.14% find that it is very easy and 20% of them felt it is somewhat easy.

i)
On analysis of data related to adequacy of desired information revel that maximum student i.e. 89.50% said that internet provides adequate information for their academic purpose and 10.47% felt information is inadequate.

j)
On examamination of advantages of reading material available in internet reveals majority i.e. 25.87% of students felt that reading materials available in internet are current and updated. while 17.54% feels it is relevant and realistic information ,while 16.66% feels that the advantage of using internet is they get material that students cannot afford to buy,13.59% students found that internet is providing major source of scientific information. And other13.59% feels that internet provides authentic reference material and 12.71%said that internet gives supplementary materials.

k)
On analysis of data related to asking help from librarian during visit reveals that majority i.e. 39% of student asks help from librarian rarely. While 31.42% ask help in some visit, while 5.71% ask help in every visit and 23.80% never ask help from librarian for accessing internet for their study purpose.

A.
Major Finding Revealed are as Follows: Maximum students are satisfied with college library over internet i.e. 40% students are very satisfied with utilization of college library, 56.19% is satisfied and 3.80% is less satisfied with the utilization of college library. Whereas26.66% students are very satisfied with the utilization of collage internet, 60% is satisfied and 13.33% is less satisfied with the utilization of college internet.
in society, compared to the past. While some people believe that the libraries are no longer essential because of the Internet, Upcoming digitalized world is totally dependent on internet.
Problem Statement: "A study to assess utilization of the library and internet as a source of scientific information by the nursing students in selected nursing students in selected nursing college"

Objectives of the Study:
To determine the utilization of library books as a source of scientific information by students a) To assess the utilization of internet as a source of scientific information by nursing student. b) To assess the satisfaction of library & internet utilization by nursing students.

Description of the Tool
The tool was used in this study is self -structured questionnaire, which comprises of 4 parts a.
Section A: It includes demographic data like Age, Course, Year, and Source of information for academic purposes. b.
Section B: (utilization of library) -It consist of 12 questions which to assess utilization of library by nursing students as a source of scientific information. Good = 27-39, Average =14-26, Poor =1-13. c.
Section C: (utilization of internet)-It consist of 12 questions which to assess utilization of internet by nursing students as a source of scientific information. Good = 27-39, Average =14-26, Poor =1-13. d.
Section D: 1 (satisfaction on utilization of college library) -It consist of 15 items. The total scoring of satisfaction scale is 1-60. Each item having scoring scale from 1-4, 1=Not satisfied, 2=Less satisfied, 3=Satisfied, 4=Very satisfied.

Validity
Tool was validated by nursing experts, librarian and statistician.

Reliability
Test -re-test method of reliability was used for Self structured questionnaire and score of 0.988 was achieved, whereas for satisfaction scale split half method was used and a score of 0.99 was achieved. both the values suggest that the tool is highly reliable.

Procedure for Data Collection
A formal permission was obtained from the concerned authority's data and date will be pre decided .the investigator introduced self and inform the samples about the nature of study so as to ensure better cooperation during the data collection. Subject was assured about the confidentiality of the data.

Plan for Data Analysis
The data analysis was planned to include frequency distribution for demographic data and all section will be plotted in terms of bar graph to understand the utilization of library and internet.

Organization of Data
The collected data is tabulated, organized and analyze under the following heading a) Section A: It deals with the analysis of the basic source of information of the sample. b) Section B: It deals with the analysis of the data related to utilization of the library of the sample.

c)
Section C: It deals with the analysis of the data related to utilization of the internet of the sample. d) Section D: It deals with the analysis of the satisfaction scale for library and internet of the sample. The above (Table 1) and (Figure 1) shows that maximum i.e., 91.74% of nursing (BSc, PB BSc, MSc) students are using both internet and library as source of information for academic purpose.4.58% students only using library as a source of information for academic purpose. There are no students using only internet (0%) as a source of information for academic purpose.

Section B
The above (Table 2) and (Figure 2) shows that helpfulness of library in academic purpose. 83.80% of students say that library is helpful in their academic purpose and 16.19% said that it is somewhat helpful for their academic purposes. The above (Table 3) and ( Figure 3) shows that 32.94% students use library to refer text book, 22.48% for study purpose, 15.11% for reading news paper, and 13.95% for reference materials.11.62% use to refer journals. And 3.87% use library for other than academic purposes. The above (Table 4) and (Figure 4) shows the frequency of library usage, 46.89% students said that they use library when there is necessary and 31.03% students visit library daily. The above (Table 5) and ( Figure 5) shows that duration of library use in each visit. 57.14% students are using library more than 3o minutes. Whereas 42.85% students using library less than 30 minutes. The above (Table 6) and ( Figure 6) shows that 41.17% locating desired materials by, seeking help from librarian. 35.29% searching through shelves, 12.29% searching through catalogue and 11.11% locating desired materials by seeking help from colleagues.           The above (Table 7) and (Figure 7) shows that 56.33% of students are selecting book for their study as per the author, 24.64% are selecting as per the teacher/mentor. And 19.01% use publication as their selection criteria. The above (Table 8) and (Figure 8) shows that 47.22% students use text book as an important resource for their academic purpose ,28.33% use reference material ,8.33% use journals,6.66% use dissertations, 5.55% use supplementary readings and 3.88% use magazines. The above (Table 9) and (Figure 9) shows that 42.22% find easy to locate desired information, 37.96% find it is somewhat easy, 12.03% find it is very easy and 2.77% said that locating desired information is not at all easy. The above (Table 10) and (Figure 10) shows that maximum students i.e. 82.85% said that library is providing adequate information and 17.14% said that it is not adequate. The above (Table 11) and (Figure 11) shows that 27.18% of student using library material that they can't afford to buy.20.27% said it is major source of scientific information.17.97% said that library provides relevant and realistic information, 15.20% said library provides authentic reference,10.13% said the information from library books are current and updated and 9.21% use for reading supplementary materials.         The above (Table 12) and (Figure 12) shows that 54.28% students seek help from librarian in some visit, 25.71% rarely ask help from librarian .and 20% students ask help every visit the above (Table 13) and (Figure 13) shows that helpfulness of library in academic purpose. 81.90% students say that internet is helpful in their academic purpose, 16.19% said that it is somewhat helpful for their academic purposes and 1.90% said it is not helpful for their academic purposes. The above (Table 14) and (Figure 14) shows that 24.50% students access internet for reference materials, 21.07% use internet for other than academic purposes, 17.15% visit the coputerlad to study for examination, 16.66% students use internet to refer text book , 10.29% for reading news paper, and 10.29% use to refer journals. The above (Table 15) and (Figure 15) shows that 71.42% of students use internet when there is necessary, 14.28% use internet every day and 14.28% use internet2-3 times a week. The above (Table 16) and (Figure 16) shows that 65.71% students using internet more than 30 minutes in each visit. And 34.28%is using less than 30 minutes in each visit.          Figure 16: Duration of visit.
The above (Table 17) and (Figure 17) shows that students are locating the desired material through search engine,21.37% search through online catalogs,13.74% asking help from colleagues and only 6.10% is seeking guidance from librarian. The above (Table 18) and (Figure 18) shows that 34.61% of students are selecting information for their study as per the author, 33.84% use publication as their selection criteria. And 31.53% are selecting as per the teacher/mentor. The above (Table 19) and ( Figure  19) shows that 33.51% students use references as an important resource for their academic purpose, 20.21% use e-text book, 20.21% use supplementary readings, 11.70% % use dissertations, 7.97% use E-journals and 6.38% magazines. The above (Table 20) and (Figure 20) shows that42.85% students said that the process of locating desired information in internet is easy and37.14% said that it is very easy and 20%them told it is somewhat easy. The above (Table 21) and (Figure 21) shows 89.50% students feel that information from internet is adequate for their academic purpose and 10.47% fell it is in adequate.         The above (Table 22) and (Figure 22) shows 25.87% students said that advantages of reading materials available in internet resources are current and updated,17.54% feels it is relevent and realistic information ,16.66% feels that the advantage of using internet is they get material that students cannot aford to buy,13.59% students found that internet is providing major source of scientific information.and other 13.59% feels that internet provides authentic reference material and 12.71%said that internet gives supplimentery materials. The above (Table 23) and ( Figure  23) shows 39% of student ask help from librarian rarely, 31.42% ask some visit, 5.71% ask help in every visit and 23.80% never ask help from librarian for accessing internet for their study purpose. The above (Table 24) and (Figure 24) shows the utilization of internet and library; 1.90% students are having good utilization of library for their academic purpose and 57.14% having average utilization of library and 42.95% had poor utilization of library. Whereas 0.95%students are using internet as source of information, 44.76% are having average use of internet for the academic purposes and 54.28% is poor in utilization of internet for their studies. The above (Table 25) and (Figure 25) shows 40% students are very satisfied with utilization of college library, 56.19% is satisfied and 3.80% is less satisfied with the utilization of college library. Whereas26.66% students are very satisfied with the utilization of collage internet, 60% is satisfied and 13.33% is less satisfied with the utilization of college internet.

Discussion
Findings of this study concludes that the utilization of the library and internet as a main source of scientific information by the nursing students. The result shows that maximum students are using library as source of scientific information for their academic purpose as compared to the internet. When compared with previous studies conducted in different professions utilization of library is maximum among nursing students. It is essential to note that majority of the respondents were informed that the library is helpful for the academic purpose over internet. Text books are the most preferred source for their studies than the other resource materials available in library. Average number of the students is visiting library every day. 40% students are very satisfied with utilization of college library, 56.19% is satisfied and 3.80% is less satisfied with the utilization of college library. Whereas26.66% students are very satisfied with the utilization of collage internet, 60% is satisfied and 13.33% is less satisfied with the utilization of college internet. Following study also supports the present study:

Mohamad Noorman Masrek (2014)
Conducted a study on library usage of medical students: a comparative study of 1st yr and 3rd yr students in university of Putra Malaysia. Adopting a survey research methodology involving 205 students, the findings suggest that, the they mostly used library. They concluded that third year students are most effectively use library as a source of information than first year students [3].

Chinmay Shah (27 Dec -2010):
Conducted a study on library usage at an Indian medical college in Bhavanagar, Gujarat. The population was Gov. Medical students in Gujarat. the sample was 200 visitors of library.150 respondents were returns the forms, in that 130 from medical students and 20 from teachers. Findings shows that 42% of the respondents visited the library on daily basis, 15% went every other day, 26% once a week, 3% fortnightly, and 0.2% monthly, 11% used occasionally, 39% were spending 2-4 hours in each visit [4].

Promise ifeoma ilo, goodluck I fijch (2010):
Had conducted a study on impact of internet on final year students' research in covenant university ota, Nigeria. The study population comprised 1,467 final year students of 2010 session of covenant university. 150 final year students were randomly selected. findings says that 100% of students use internet and from that 94% said the internet had impact on their project work while 6%said the internet did not had any impact on their work, 52% respondents said that the online journals made highest impact and 24% respondent said that the Online books had made more impact on study. 405 of students told that they are using Google as a search engine and 28%using yahoo [5]. The previous studies show that majority of other professional courses access internet for their academic purpose over library. As we are living in digitalized world researchers found that still in nursing profession students are more depend on library due to increase written assignment, insufficient time for accessing internet etc. In this study; students mentioned that they are facing problem related to Sever down, Lack of security (virus), not providing authentic reference, lack of knowledge to access internet in correct manner while accessing internet. Nursing is a field where the updating of the knowledge is necessary to upgrade the nursing standard. Student should not only focus on the library to gain the knowledge but also they need to access the internet for their education and in betterment in clinical practice.

Implication of the Study
The finding of study has implication for nursing practice, nursing education, nursing administration and nursing research.
Nursing Practice: Study findings support need for nurse manager and other experienced nurses, to advocate for the accessibility of library resources, staff and services for practicing nurses. There should be expansion of health library collection, providing internet and internet access to nurses at bedside and investing in continuing education for nurses that will maximize the appropriate use of evidenced based information from research literature and will be practicing. Health care delivery largely deepens on information for effective decision making. As we enter the era of electronic health records nursing as become an indispensable element in the practice of nursing. All nurses have to utilize information skills in practice.
Nursing Education: Use by faculty during teaching activities may encourage students to make great and appropriate use of library and electronic information resources. Library is primary resources for evidence based practice. valuable in patient care quality care advice to patient avoiding adverse events, saving time.
Nursing Administration: In the event of ever changing knowledge explosion, technological and ever growing challenges of administration has a responsibility to provide the nurse with substantial continuing educational opportunity. This will enable the nurses in updating knowledge, acquiring special skill and demonstrating high quality care by deputing them for in service education program, special course, work shop and conference can be arranged and attended by the nursing staff. The finding of the study could be used by nursing administrators to take step in updating nursing standards and clinical practices.
Nursing Research: Nursing research is an essential aspect of nursing as it uplifts the profession and develops new nursing norms and body of knowledge. Another research has been added to nursing literature very few studies have been done on a similar basis. The research design, finding and the tool can be used as avenues for further research. There are no nursing studies in this area; more research need to undertaken is a need for extensive and intensive nursing research in this area. Finding of this study will provide baseline data about utilization of library and internet as a source of scientific information. All this information can be used for further research. a) Limitation:The scope of the study was limited to nursing students residing in a selected nursing college.
b) The study was limited to those who utilized college library and internet. c) The study limited to 105 samples.
d) The study limited to time.
Recommendation: Following study can be undertaken in relation to present study: a) A study can be replicate on large sample there by finding can be generalized b) A comparitive study can done between nursing and other medical profesion c) A comparitive study can done between nursing students under the MUHS and deemed universities d) A comparitive study can done between nursing students in urban nursing colleges and rural nursing colleges e) A study can be conducted to asses the attitude of PG students in utilization of library and internet f) A similar kind of study can be undertaken in different setting and on different target population.