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Research ArticleOpen Access

Screening for Helicobacter Pylori Infection among Undergraduate Students of a Tertiary Institution using serum Antibody and Stool Antigen Detection Methods

Volume 3 - Issue 2

Enitan Seyi Samson1*, Ochei John Okeleke1, Akele Yomi Richard2, Faloye Taiwo Gideon1, Adeniyi Lydia Olutoyosi1 and Omotola Damilola1

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    • 1Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Nigeria
    • 2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Afe Babalola University, Nigeria

    *Corresponding author: Enitan Seyi Samson, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria

Received: February 01, 2018;   Published: March 23, 2018

DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.03.000883

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Abstract

Helicobacter Pylori infection has been identified as an important risk factor for the development of peptic ulcer disease (PUD). The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection and associated risk factors among undergraduate students of Babcock University. The serum and stool samples of 200 participants (85 males and 115 females) were randomly collected and screened using H. pylori antibody/ antigen test Cassettes supplied by Blue Cross Bio-Medical, Beijing, China. The demographic and clinical information of the participants were also collected using a structured questionnaire. The outcome of the study show that out of the 200 participants screened, 56 (28.0%) were positive for Helicobacter Pylori serum antibody, while 47 (23.5%) were positive for Helicobacter Pylori stool antigen. Of the 85 male students tested, 7 (8.2%) tested positive for the serum antibody, while 6 (7.1%) were positive for the stool antigen. On the other hand, 49 (42.6%) out of the 115 female students tested were positive for the serum antibody, while 41 (35.7%) were positive for the stool antigen. Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori infection was found to be significantly higher (P<0.05) among female participants than their male counterparts.

On the basis of age, the prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori infection was found to be significantly higher (P<0.05) among participants that were 21-25 years old when compared to other age groups. With regard to clinical indications of PUD, 108 (54.0%) of the participants were asymptomatic, out of which 20 (37.0%) of them were positive for Helicobacter Pylori serum antibody, while 18 (17.0%) were positive for the stool antigen. Symptomatic participants complained mostly of heart burn, followed by loss of appetite, abdominal pain, nausea, dark foulsmelling stool and lastly, vomiting. Howbeit, none of them complained of vomiting blood. Identifiable risk factor associated with infection include: past history of H. pylori infection/gastric diseases, drinking of raw cow milk, consumption of beef, fish, poultry products, vegetables and fruits. This study provides data on the existence of Helicobacter Pylori infection among students of Babcock University, hence the need for public awareness and clinical management in this regard.

Keywords: Helicobacter Pylori; Peptic Ulcer Disease; Risk Factors; Serum Antibody; Stool Antigen

Abbreviations: PUD: Peptic Ulcer Disease; NSADIs: Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs; BUHREC: Babcock University Health Research Ethics Committee; PIDN: Participant Identification Number; PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction

Abstract| Introduction| Materials and Methods| Results| Discussion| Conclusion| References|